diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/Makefile b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/Makefile index d2b5b4df67..dc859e7253 100644 --- a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/Makefile +++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/Makefile @@ -1,59 +1,60 @@ # -# $FreeBSD$ +# $FreeBSD: doc/en_US.ISO_8859-1/books/handbook/Makefile,v 1.26 1999/09/06 06:52:44 peter Exp $ # # Build the FreeBSD Handbook. # MAINTAINER=nik@FreeBSD.org DOC?= book FORMATS?= html-split INSTALL_COMPRESSED?= gz INSTALL_ONLY_COMPRESSED?= # # SRCS lists the individual SGML files that make up the document. Changes # to any of these files will force a rebuild # # SGML content SRCS= book.sgml SRCS+= advanced-networking/chapter.sgml SRCS+= backups/chapter.sgml SRCS+= basics/chapter.sgml SRCS+= bibliography/chapter.sgml SRCS+= contrib/chapter.sgml SRCS+= cutting-edge/chapter.sgml SRCS+= disks/chapter.sgml SRCS+= eresources/chapter.sgml SRCS+= hw/chapter.sgml SRCS+= install/chapter.sgml SRCS+= internals/chapter.sgml SRCS+= introduction/chapter.sgml SRCS+= kernelconfig/chapter.sgml SRCS+= kerneldebug/chapter.sgml SRCS+= kernelopts/chapter.sgml SRCS+= l10n/chapter.sgml SRCS+= linuxemu/chapter.sgml SRCS+= mail/chapter.sgml SRCS+= mirrors/chapter.sgml SRCS+= pgpkeys/chapter.sgml SRCS+= policies/chapter.sgml SRCS+= ppp-and-slip/chapter.sgml SRCS+= printing/chapter.sgml SRCS+= quotas/chapter.sgml SRCS+= security/chapter.sgml SRCS+= serialcomms/chapter.sgml SRCS+= staff/chapter.sgml +SRCS+= users/chapter.sgml SRCS+= x11/chapter.sgml SRCS+= ports/chapter.sgml # Entities SRCS+= authors.ent SRCS+= chapters.ent SRCS+= mailing-lists.ent DOC_PREFIX?= ${.CURDIR}/../../.. .include "${DOC_PREFIX}/share/mk/doc.project.mk" diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/book.sgml b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/book.sgml index 506aa8db83..7105fec7b8 100644 --- a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/book.sgml +++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/book.sgml @@ -1,135 +1,136 @@ %man; %bookinfo; %chapters; %authors; %mailing-lists; %newsgroups; ]> FreeBSD Handbook The FreeBSD Documentation Project
doc@FreeBSD.org
February 1999 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 The FreeBSD Documentation Project &bookinfo.legalnotice; Welcome to FreeBSD! This handbook covers the installation and day to day use of FreeBSD Release &rel.current;. This manual is a work in progress and is the work of many individuals. Many sections do not yet exist and some of those that do exist need to be updated. If you are interested in helping with this project, send email to the &a.doc;. The latest version of this document is always available from the FreeBSD World Wide Web server. It may also be downloaded in a variety of formats and compression options from the FreeBSD FTP server or one of the numerous mirror sites. You may also want to Search the Handbook. Getting Started &chap.introduction; &chap.install; &chap.basics; - &chap.ports + &chap.ports; + &chap.users; System Administration &chap.kernelconfig; &chap.security; &chap.printing; &chap.disks; &chap.backups; &chap.quotas; &chap.x11; &chap.l10n; Network Communications &chap.serialcomms; &chap.ppp-and-slip; &chap.advanced-networking; &chap.mail; Advanced topics &chap.cutting-edge; &chap.contrib; &chap.policies; &chap.kernelopts; &chap.kerneldebug; &chap.linuxemu; &chap.internals; Appendices &chap.mirrors; &chap.bibliography; &chap.eresources; &chap.staff; &chap.pgpkeys; &chap.hw; diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/chapters.ent b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/chapters.ent index 5fbe889406..64101f5af5 100644 --- a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/chapters.ent +++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/chapters.ent @@ -1,49 +1,50 @@ + diff --git a/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/users/chapter.sgml b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/users/chapter.sgml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7cd67e2bf5 --- /dev/null +++ b/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/users/chapter.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,425 @@ + + + + Users and basic account management + + + Synopsis + + Contributed by &a.nbm; February 2000. + + All access to the system is achieved via accounts, and all + processes are run by users, so user and account management are + of integral importance on FreeBSD systems. + + There are three main types of accounts; the Superuser, system users, and user accounts. The Superuser + account, usually called root, is used to + manage the system with no limitations on privileges. System + users run services. Finally, user accounts are used by real + people, who log on, read mail, and so forth. + + + + The superuser account + + The superuser account, usually called + root, comes preconfigured, and facilitates + system administration, and should not be used for day-to-date + tasks like sending and receiving mail, general exploration of + the system, or programming. + + This is because the superuser, unlike normal user accounts, + can operate without limits, and misuse of the superuse account + may result in spectacular disasters. User accounts are unable + to destroy the system by mistake, so it is generally best to use + normal user accounts whenever possible, unless you especially + need the extra privilege. + + In addition, always double and triple-check commands you + issue as the superuser, since an extra space or missing + character can mean irreparable data loss. Those extra + privileges you needed when you decided to change to the + superuser mean that the safeguards of your normal user account + no longer apply. + + So, the first thing you should do after reading this + chapter, is to create an unprivileged user account for yourself + for general usage, if you haven't already. This applies equally + whether you're running a multi-user or single-user machine. + Later in this chapter, we discuss how to create additional + accounts, and how to change between the normal user and + superuser. + + + + System accounts + + System users are those used to run services such as DNS, + mail, web servers, and so forth. The reason for this is + security, as if all services ran as the superuser, they could + act without restriction. + + Examples of system users are daemon, + operator, bind (for + the Domain Name Service), and news. Often + sysadmins create httpd to run web servers + they install. + + nobody is the generic unprivileged + system user, but the more services that use + nobody, the more privileged it + becomes. + + + + User accounts + + User accounts are the primary means of access for real + people to the system, and these accounts insulate the user and + the environment, preventing the users from damaging the system + or other users, and allowing users to customize their + environment without affecting others. + + Every person accessing your system should have their own + unique user account. This allows you to find out who is doing + what, and prevent people from clobbering each others' settings, + and reading mail meant for the other, and so forth. + + Each user can set up their own environment to accomodate + their use of the system, by using alternate shells, editors, key + bindings, and language. + + + + Modifying accounts + + pw is a powerful and flexible + means to modify accounts, but adduser + is recommended for creating new accounts, and + rmuser for deleting accounts. + + chpass allows both the system + administrator and normal users to adjust passwords, shells, and + personal information. passwd is the + more common means to change passwords specifically, + however. + + + + adduser + + adduser is a simple program for + adding new users. It creates passwd and + group entries for the user, as well as + creating their home directory, copy in some default dotfiles + from /usr/share/skel, and can optionally + mail the user a welcome message. + + To create the initial configuration file, use + adduser -s -config_create. + + The makes adduser default to + quiet. We use later when we want to + change defaults. + Next, we configure adduser defaults, and create our + first user account, since using root for normal usage is evil + and nasty. + + + Changing the configuration for adduser + + &prompt.root; adduser -v +Use option ``-silent'' if you don't want to see all warnings and questions. +Check /etc/shells +Check /etc/master.passwd +Check /etc/group +Enter your default shell: csh date no sh tcsh [sh]: tcsh +Your default shell is: tcsh -> /usr/local/bin/tcsh +Enter your default HOME partition: [/home]: +Copy dotfiles from: /usr/share/skel no [/usr/share/skel]: +Send message from file: /etc/adduser.message no +[/etc/adduser.message]: no +Do not send message +Use passwords (y/n) [y]: y + +Write your changes to /etc/adduser.conf? (y/n) [n]: y + +Ok, let's go. +Don't worry about mistakes. I will give you the chance later to correct any input. +Enter username [a-z0-9_-]: jru +Enter full name []: J. Random User +Enter shell csh date no sh tcsh [tcsh]: +Enter home directory (full path) [/home/jru]: +Uid [1001]: +Enter login class: default []: +Login group jru [jru]: +Login group is ``jru''. Invite jru into other groups: guest no +[no]: wheel +Enter password []: +Enter password again []: + +Name: jru +Password: **** +Fullname: J. Random User +Uid: 1007 +Gid: 1007 (jru) +Class: +Groups: jru wheel +HOME: /home/jru +Shell: /usr/local/bin/tcsh +OK? (y/n) [y]: y +Added user ``jru'' +Copy files from /usr/share/skel to /home/jru +Add another user? (y/n) [y]: n +Goodbye! +&prompt.root; + + + In summary, we changed the default shell to + tcsh (an additional shell found in + packages), and turned off the sending of a welcome mail to + added users. We then saved the configuration, and then + created an account for jru, and we made + sure jru is in wheel + group (which we'll see is important later). + + + The password you type in isn't echoed, nor are asterisks + displayed. Make sure you don't mistype the password twice + :-) + + + + Just use adduser without arguments + from now on, and you won't have to go through changing the + defaults. If the program asks you to change the defaults, + exit the program, and try the + option. + + + + + rmuser + + rmuser removes users from the + system, including any traces beyond the user database. + + rmuser performs the following + steps: + + + + Removes the user's &man.crontab.1; entry (if + any). + + + Removes any &man.at.1; jobs belonging to the + user. + + + Kills all processes owned by the user + + + Removes the user from the system's local password + file. + + + Removes the user's home directory (if it is owned by + the user) + + + Removes the incoming mail files belonging to the user + from /var/mail. + + + Removes all files owned by the user from temporary + file storage areas such as /tmp. + + + Finally, removes the username from all groups to which + it belongs in /etc/group. + + + If a group becomes empty and the group name is the + same as the username, the group is removed; this + complements the per-user unique groups created by + &man.adduser.8;. + + + + + + rmuser can't be used to remove + superuser accounts, since that is almost always an indication + of massive destruction. + + By default, an interactive mode is used, which attempts to + make sure you know what you're doing. + + + rmuser interactive account removal + + &prompt.root; rmuser jru +Matching password entry: +jru:*:1000:1000::0:0:J. Random User:/home/jru:/usr/local/bin/tcsh +Is this the entry you wish to remove? y +Remove user's home directory (/home/jru)? y +Updating password file, updating databases, done. +Updating group file: trusted (removing group jru -- personal group is empty) done. +Removing user's incoming mail file /var/mail/jru: done. +Removing files belonging to jru from /tmp: done. +Removing files belonging to jru from /var/tmp: done. +Removing files belonging to jru from /var/tmp/vi.recover: done. +&prompt.root; + + + + + pw + + pw is a command line utility to + create, remove, modify, and display users and groups, and + functions as an editor of the system user and group + files. + + It is designed to be useful both as a directly executed + command and for use from shell scripts. + + &man.pw.8; has all the information. + + + + chpass + + chpass changes user database + information such as passwords, shells, and personal + information. + + Only system administrators, as the superuser, may change + other users' information and passwords with chpass. + + Passed no options, besides the optional username, + chpass displays an editor + containing user information, and upon exit from the editor, + attempts to change the information in the user + database. + + + Interactive chpass by superuser + + #Changing user database information for jru. +Login: jru +Password: * +Uid [#]: 1000 +Gid [# or name]: 1000 +Change [month day year]: +Expire [month day year]: +Class: +Home directory: /home/jru +Shell: /usr/local/bin/tcsh +Full Name: J. Random User +Office Location: +Office Phone: +Home Phone: +Other information: + + + The normal user can change only a small subsection of this + information, and only for themselves. + + + Interactive chpass by normal user + + #Changing user database information for jru. +Shell: /usr/local/bin/tcsh +Full Name: J. Random User +Office Location: +Office Phone: +Home Phone: +Other information: + + + + chfn and chsh are + just links to chpass, as are ypchpass, + ypchfn, and + ypchsh. NIS support is automatic, so + specifying the yp before the command is + not necessary. + + + + passwd + + passwd is the usual way to + change your own password as a user, or another user's password + as the superuser. + + + Users must type in their original password before + changing their password, to prevent an unauthorized person + from changing their password when the user is away from + their console. + + + + passwd + + &prompt.user; passwd +Changing local password for jru. +Old password: +New password: +Retype new password: +passwd: updating the database... +passwd: done + +&prompt.root; passwd jru +Changing local password for jru. +New password: +Retype new password: +passwd: updating the database... +passwd: done + + + + yppasswd is just a link to + yppasswd. NIS support is automatic, so + specifying the yp before the command is + not necessary. + + + + + + Limiting and personalizing users + + Quotas allow the system administrator to set disk usage + maximums, and users to check their disk usage, if quotas are + used on the system. Quotas are discussed in their own chapter. + + Localization is an environment set up by the system + administrator or user to accomodate different languages, + character sets, date and time standards, and so on. This is + discussed in the localization + chapter. + + + + diff --git a/en_US.ISO_8859-1/books/handbook/Makefile b/en_US.ISO_8859-1/books/handbook/Makefile index d2b5b4df67..dc859e7253 100644 --- a/en_US.ISO_8859-1/books/handbook/Makefile +++ b/en_US.ISO_8859-1/books/handbook/Makefile @@ -1,59 +1,60 @@ # -# $FreeBSD$ +# $FreeBSD: doc/en_US.ISO_8859-1/books/handbook/Makefile,v 1.26 1999/09/06 06:52:44 peter Exp $ # # Build the FreeBSD Handbook. # MAINTAINER=nik@FreeBSD.org DOC?= book FORMATS?= html-split INSTALL_COMPRESSED?= gz INSTALL_ONLY_COMPRESSED?= # # SRCS lists the individual SGML files that make up the document. Changes # to any of these files will force a rebuild # # SGML content SRCS= book.sgml SRCS+= advanced-networking/chapter.sgml SRCS+= backups/chapter.sgml SRCS+= basics/chapter.sgml SRCS+= bibliography/chapter.sgml SRCS+= contrib/chapter.sgml SRCS+= cutting-edge/chapter.sgml SRCS+= disks/chapter.sgml SRCS+= eresources/chapter.sgml SRCS+= hw/chapter.sgml SRCS+= install/chapter.sgml SRCS+= internals/chapter.sgml SRCS+= introduction/chapter.sgml SRCS+= kernelconfig/chapter.sgml SRCS+= kerneldebug/chapter.sgml SRCS+= kernelopts/chapter.sgml SRCS+= l10n/chapter.sgml SRCS+= linuxemu/chapter.sgml SRCS+= mail/chapter.sgml SRCS+= mirrors/chapter.sgml SRCS+= pgpkeys/chapter.sgml SRCS+= policies/chapter.sgml SRCS+= ppp-and-slip/chapter.sgml SRCS+= printing/chapter.sgml SRCS+= quotas/chapter.sgml SRCS+= security/chapter.sgml SRCS+= serialcomms/chapter.sgml SRCS+= staff/chapter.sgml +SRCS+= users/chapter.sgml SRCS+= x11/chapter.sgml SRCS+= ports/chapter.sgml # Entities SRCS+= authors.ent SRCS+= chapters.ent SRCS+= mailing-lists.ent DOC_PREFIX?= ${.CURDIR}/../../.. .include "${DOC_PREFIX}/share/mk/doc.project.mk" diff --git a/en_US.ISO_8859-1/books/handbook/book.sgml b/en_US.ISO_8859-1/books/handbook/book.sgml index 506aa8db83..7105fec7b8 100644 --- a/en_US.ISO_8859-1/books/handbook/book.sgml +++ b/en_US.ISO_8859-1/books/handbook/book.sgml @@ -1,135 +1,136 @@ %man; %bookinfo; %chapters; %authors; %mailing-lists; %newsgroups; ]> FreeBSD Handbook The FreeBSD Documentation Project
doc@FreeBSD.org
February 1999 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 The FreeBSD Documentation Project &bookinfo.legalnotice; Welcome to FreeBSD! This handbook covers the installation and day to day use of FreeBSD Release &rel.current;. This manual is a work in progress and is the work of many individuals. Many sections do not yet exist and some of those that do exist need to be updated. If you are interested in helping with this project, send email to the &a.doc;. The latest version of this document is always available from the FreeBSD World Wide Web server. It may also be downloaded in a variety of formats and compression options from the FreeBSD FTP server or one of the numerous mirror sites. You may also want to Search the Handbook. Getting Started &chap.introduction; &chap.install; &chap.basics; - &chap.ports + &chap.ports; + &chap.users; System Administration &chap.kernelconfig; &chap.security; &chap.printing; &chap.disks; &chap.backups; &chap.quotas; &chap.x11; &chap.l10n; Network Communications &chap.serialcomms; &chap.ppp-and-slip; &chap.advanced-networking; &chap.mail; Advanced topics &chap.cutting-edge; &chap.contrib; &chap.policies; &chap.kernelopts; &chap.kerneldebug; &chap.linuxemu; &chap.internals; Appendices &chap.mirrors; &chap.bibliography; &chap.eresources; &chap.staff; &chap.pgpkeys; &chap.hw; diff --git a/en_US.ISO_8859-1/books/handbook/chapters.ent b/en_US.ISO_8859-1/books/handbook/chapters.ent index 5fbe889406..64101f5af5 100644 --- a/en_US.ISO_8859-1/books/handbook/chapters.ent +++ b/en_US.ISO_8859-1/books/handbook/chapters.ent @@ -1,49 +1,50 @@ + diff --git a/en_US.ISO_8859-1/books/handbook/users/chapter.sgml b/en_US.ISO_8859-1/books/handbook/users/chapter.sgml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7cd67e2bf5 --- /dev/null +++ b/en_US.ISO_8859-1/books/handbook/users/chapter.sgml @@ -0,0 +1,425 @@ + + + + Users and basic account management + + + Synopsis + + Contributed by &a.nbm; February 2000. + + All access to the system is achieved via accounts, and all + processes are run by users, so user and account management are + of integral importance on FreeBSD systems. + + There are three main types of accounts; the Superuser, system users, and user accounts. The Superuser + account, usually called root, is used to + manage the system with no limitations on privileges. System + users run services. Finally, user accounts are used by real + people, who log on, read mail, and so forth. + + + + The superuser account + + The superuser account, usually called + root, comes preconfigured, and facilitates + system administration, and should not be used for day-to-date + tasks like sending and receiving mail, general exploration of + the system, or programming. + + This is because the superuser, unlike normal user accounts, + can operate without limits, and misuse of the superuse account + may result in spectacular disasters. User accounts are unable + to destroy the system by mistake, so it is generally best to use + normal user accounts whenever possible, unless you especially + need the extra privilege. + + In addition, always double and triple-check commands you + issue as the superuser, since an extra space or missing + character can mean irreparable data loss. Those extra + privileges you needed when you decided to change to the + superuser mean that the safeguards of your normal user account + no longer apply. + + So, the first thing you should do after reading this + chapter, is to create an unprivileged user account for yourself + for general usage, if you haven't already. This applies equally + whether you're running a multi-user or single-user machine. + Later in this chapter, we discuss how to create additional + accounts, and how to change between the normal user and + superuser. + + + + System accounts + + System users are those used to run services such as DNS, + mail, web servers, and so forth. The reason for this is + security, as if all services ran as the superuser, they could + act without restriction. + + Examples of system users are daemon, + operator, bind (for + the Domain Name Service), and news. Often + sysadmins create httpd to run web servers + they install. + + nobody is the generic unprivileged + system user, but the more services that use + nobody, the more privileged it + becomes. + + + + User accounts + + User accounts are the primary means of access for real + people to the system, and these accounts insulate the user and + the environment, preventing the users from damaging the system + or other users, and allowing users to customize their + environment without affecting others. + + Every person accessing your system should have their own + unique user account. This allows you to find out who is doing + what, and prevent people from clobbering each others' settings, + and reading mail meant for the other, and so forth. + + Each user can set up their own environment to accomodate + their use of the system, by using alternate shells, editors, key + bindings, and language. + + + + Modifying accounts + + pw is a powerful and flexible + means to modify accounts, but adduser + is recommended for creating new accounts, and + rmuser for deleting accounts. + + chpass allows both the system + administrator and normal users to adjust passwords, shells, and + personal information. passwd is the + more common means to change passwords specifically, + however. + + + + adduser + + adduser is a simple program for + adding new users. It creates passwd and + group entries for the user, as well as + creating their home directory, copy in some default dotfiles + from /usr/share/skel, and can optionally + mail the user a welcome message. + + To create the initial configuration file, use + adduser -s -config_create. + + The makes adduser default to + quiet. We use later when we want to + change defaults. + Next, we configure adduser defaults, and create our + first user account, since using root for normal usage is evil + and nasty. + + + Changing the configuration for adduser + + &prompt.root; adduser -v +Use option ``-silent'' if you don't want to see all warnings and questions. +Check /etc/shells +Check /etc/master.passwd +Check /etc/group +Enter your default shell: csh date no sh tcsh [sh]: tcsh +Your default shell is: tcsh -> /usr/local/bin/tcsh +Enter your default HOME partition: [/home]: +Copy dotfiles from: /usr/share/skel no [/usr/share/skel]: +Send message from file: /etc/adduser.message no +[/etc/adduser.message]: no +Do not send message +Use passwords (y/n) [y]: y + +Write your changes to /etc/adduser.conf? (y/n) [n]: y + +Ok, let's go. +Don't worry about mistakes. I will give you the chance later to correct any input. +Enter username [a-z0-9_-]: jru +Enter full name []: J. Random User +Enter shell csh date no sh tcsh [tcsh]: +Enter home directory (full path) [/home/jru]: +Uid [1001]: +Enter login class: default []: +Login group jru [jru]: +Login group is ``jru''. Invite jru into other groups: guest no +[no]: wheel +Enter password []: +Enter password again []: + +Name: jru +Password: **** +Fullname: J. Random User +Uid: 1007 +Gid: 1007 (jru) +Class: +Groups: jru wheel +HOME: /home/jru +Shell: /usr/local/bin/tcsh +OK? (y/n) [y]: y +Added user ``jru'' +Copy files from /usr/share/skel to /home/jru +Add another user? (y/n) [y]: n +Goodbye! +&prompt.root; + + + In summary, we changed the default shell to + tcsh (an additional shell found in + packages), and turned off the sending of a welcome mail to + added users. We then saved the configuration, and then + created an account for jru, and we made + sure jru is in wheel + group (which we'll see is important later). + + + The password you type in isn't echoed, nor are asterisks + displayed. Make sure you don't mistype the password twice + :-) + + + + Just use adduser without arguments + from now on, and you won't have to go through changing the + defaults. If the program asks you to change the defaults, + exit the program, and try the + option. + + + + + rmuser + + rmuser removes users from the + system, including any traces beyond the user database. + + rmuser performs the following + steps: + + + + Removes the user's &man.crontab.1; entry (if + any). + + + Removes any &man.at.1; jobs belonging to the + user. + + + Kills all processes owned by the user + + + Removes the user from the system's local password + file. + + + Removes the user's home directory (if it is owned by + the user) + + + Removes the incoming mail files belonging to the user + from /var/mail. + + + Removes all files owned by the user from temporary + file storage areas such as /tmp. + + + Finally, removes the username from all groups to which + it belongs in /etc/group. + + + If a group becomes empty and the group name is the + same as the username, the group is removed; this + complements the per-user unique groups created by + &man.adduser.8;. + + + + + + rmuser can't be used to remove + superuser accounts, since that is almost always an indication + of massive destruction. + + By default, an interactive mode is used, which attempts to + make sure you know what you're doing. + + + rmuser interactive account removal + + &prompt.root; rmuser jru +Matching password entry: +jru:*:1000:1000::0:0:J. Random User:/home/jru:/usr/local/bin/tcsh +Is this the entry you wish to remove? y +Remove user's home directory (/home/jru)? y +Updating password file, updating databases, done. +Updating group file: trusted (removing group jru -- personal group is empty) done. +Removing user's incoming mail file /var/mail/jru: done. +Removing files belonging to jru from /tmp: done. +Removing files belonging to jru from /var/tmp: done. +Removing files belonging to jru from /var/tmp/vi.recover: done. +&prompt.root; + + + + + pw + + pw is a command line utility to + create, remove, modify, and display users and groups, and + functions as an editor of the system user and group + files. + + It is designed to be useful both as a directly executed + command and for use from shell scripts. + + &man.pw.8; has all the information. + + + + chpass + + chpass changes user database + information such as passwords, shells, and personal + information. + + Only system administrators, as the superuser, may change + other users' information and passwords with chpass. + + Passed no options, besides the optional username, + chpass displays an editor + containing user information, and upon exit from the editor, + attempts to change the information in the user + database. + + + Interactive chpass by superuser + + #Changing user database information for jru. +Login: jru +Password: * +Uid [#]: 1000 +Gid [# or name]: 1000 +Change [month day year]: +Expire [month day year]: +Class: +Home directory: /home/jru +Shell: /usr/local/bin/tcsh +Full Name: J. Random User +Office Location: +Office Phone: +Home Phone: +Other information: + + + The normal user can change only a small subsection of this + information, and only for themselves. + + + Interactive chpass by normal user + + #Changing user database information for jru. +Shell: /usr/local/bin/tcsh +Full Name: J. Random User +Office Location: +Office Phone: +Home Phone: +Other information: + + + + chfn and chsh are + just links to chpass, as are ypchpass, + ypchfn, and + ypchsh. NIS support is automatic, so + specifying the yp before the command is + not necessary. + + + + passwd + + passwd is the usual way to + change your own password as a user, or another user's password + as the superuser. + + + Users must type in their original password before + changing their password, to prevent an unauthorized person + from changing their password when the user is away from + their console. + + + + passwd + + &prompt.user; passwd +Changing local password for jru. +Old password: +New password: +Retype new password: +passwd: updating the database... +passwd: done + +&prompt.root; passwd jru +Changing local password for jru. +New password: +Retype new password: +passwd: updating the database... +passwd: done + + + + yppasswd is just a link to + yppasswd. NIS support is automatic, so + specifying the yp before the command is + not necessary. + + + + + + Limiting and personalizing users + + Quotas allow the system administrator to set disk usage + maximums, and users to check their disk usage, if quotas are + used on the system. Quotas are discussed in their own chapter. + + Localization is an environment set up by the system + administrator or user to accomodate different languages, + character sets, date and time standards, and so on. This is + discussed in the localization + chapter. + + + +