diff --git a/documentation/content/en/books/handbook/introduction/_index.adoc b/documentation/content/en/books/handbook/introduction/_index.adoc index e339fdade5..fc8c39b3b0 100644 --- a/documentation/content/en/books/handbook/introduction/_index.adoc +++ b/documentation/content/en/books/handbook/introduction/_index.adoc @@ -1,277 +1,277 @@ --- title: Chapter 1. Introduction part: Part I. Getting Started prev: books/handbook/parti next: books/handbook/bsdinstall description: This chapter covers various aspects of the FreeBSD Project, such as its history, goals, development model, and so on tags: ["introduction", "synopsis", "about", "Who Uses FreeBSD", "goals", "history"] --- [[introduction]] = Introduction :doctype: book :toc: macro :toclevels: 1 :icons: font :sectnums: :sectnumlevels: 6 :source-highlighter: rouge :experimental: :skip-front-matter: :xrefstyle: basic :relfileprefix: ../ :outfilesuffix: :sectnumoffset: 1 ifeval::["{backend}" == "html5"] :imagesdir: ../../../../images/books/handbook/introduction/ endif::[] ifeval::["{backend}" == "pdf"] :imagesdir: ../../../../static/images/books/handbook/introduction/ endif::[] ifeval::["{backend}" == "epub3"] :imagesdir: ../../../../static/images/books/handbook/introduction/ endif::[] include::shared/authors.adoc[] include::shared/releases.adoc[] include::shared/en/mailing-lists.adoc[] include::shared/en/teams.adoc[] include::shared/en/urls.adoc[] toc::[] [[introduction-synopsis]] == Synopsis Thank you for your interest in FreeBSD! The following chapter covers various aspects of the FreeBSD Project, such as its history, goals, development model, and so on. After reading this chapter you will know: * How FreeBSD relates to other computer operating systems. * The history of the FreeBSD Project. * The goals of the FreeBSD Project. * The basics of the FreeBSD open-source development model. * And of course: where the name "FreeBSD" comes from. [[nutshell]] == Welcome to FreeBSD! FreeBSD is an Open Source, standards-compliant Unix-like operating system for x86 (both 32 and 64 bit), ARM(R), AArch64, RISC-V(R), MIPS(R), POWER(R), PowerPC(R), and Sun UltraSPARC(R) computers. It provides all the features that are nowadays taken for granted, such as preemptive multitasking, memory protection, virtual memory, multi-user facilities, SMP support, all the Open Source development tools for different languages and frameworks, and desktop features centered around X Window System, KDE, or GNOME. Its particular strengths are: * _Liberal Open Source license_, which grants you rights to freely modify and extend its source code and incorporate it in both Open Source projects and closed products without imposing restrictions typical to copyleft licenses, as well as avoiding potential license incompatibility problems. * _Strong TCP/IP networking_ - FreeBSD implements industry standard protocols with ever increasing performance and scalability. This makes it a good match in both server, and routing/firewalling roles - and indeed many companies and vendors use it precisely for that purpose. * _Fully integrated OpenZFS support_, including root-on-ZFS, ZFS Boot Environments, fault management, administrative delegation, support for jails, FreeBSD specific documentation, and system installer support. * _Extensive security features_, from the Mandatory Access Control framework to Capsicum capability and sandbox mechanisms. * _Over 30 thousand prebuilt packages_ for all supported architectures, and the Ports Collection which makes it easy to build your own, customized ones. * _Documentation_ - in addition to Handbook and books from different authors that cover topics ranging from system administration to kernel internals, there are also the man:man[1] pages, not only for userspace daemons, utilities, and configuration files, but also for kernel driver APIs (section 9) and individual drivers (section 4). * _Simple and consistent repository structure and build system_ - FreeBSD uses a single repository for all of its components, both kernel and userspace. This, along with an unified and easy to customize build system and a well thought out development process makes it easy to integrate FreeBSD with build infrastructure for your own product. * _Staying true to Unix philosophy_, preferring composability instead of monolithic "all in one" daemons with hardcoded behavior. * _Binary compatibility_ with Linux, which makes it possible to run many Linux binaries without the need for virtualisation. FreeBSD is based on the 4.4BSD-Lite release from Computer Systems Research Group (CSRG) at the University of California at Berkeley, and carries on the distinguished tradition of BSD systems development. In addition to the fine work provided by CSRG, the FreeBSD Project has put in many thousands of man-hours into extending the functionality and fine-tuning the system for maximum performance and reliability in real-life load situations. FreeBSD offers performance and reliability on par with other Open Source and commercial offerings, combined with cutting-edge features not available anywhere else. [[os-overview]] === What Can FreeBSD Do? The applications to which FreeBSD can be put are truly limited only by your own imagination. From software development to factory automation, inventory control to azimuth correction of remote satellite antennae; if it can be done with a commercial UNIX(R) product then it is more than likely that you can do it with FreeBSD too! FreeBSD also benefits significantly from literally thousands of high quality applications developed by research centers and universities around the world, often available at little to no cost. Because the source code for FreeBSD itself is freely available, the system can also be customized to an almost unheard of degree for special applications or projects, and in ways not generally possible with operating systems from most major commercial vendors. Here is just a sampling of some of the applications in which people are currently using FreeBSD: * _Internet Services:_ The robust TCP/IP networking built into FreeBSD makes it an ideal platform for a variety of Internet services such as: ** Web servers ** IPv4 and IPv6 routing ** Firewalls and NAT ("IP masquerading") gateways ** FTP servers ** Email servers ** And more... * _Education:_ Are you a student of computer science or a related engineering field? There is no better way of learning about operating systems, computer architecture and networking than the hands on, under the hood experience that FreeBSD can provide. A number of freely available CAD, mathematical and graphic design packages also make it highly useful to those whose primary interest in a computer is to get _other_ work done! * _Research:_ With source code for the entire system available, FreeBSD is an excellent platform for research in operating systems as well as other branches of computer science. FreeBSD's freely available nature also makes it possible for remote groups to collaborate on ideas or shared development without having to worry about special licensing agreements or limitations on what may be discussed in open forums. * _Networking:_ Need a new router? A name server (DNS)? A firewall to keep people out of your internal network? FreeBSD can easily turn that unused PC sitting in the corner into an advanced router with sophisticated packet-filtering capabilities. * _Embedded:_ FreeBSD makes an excellent platform to build embedded systems upon. With support for the ARM(R), MIPS(R) and PowerPC(R) platforms, coupled with a robust network stack, cutting edge features and the permissive link:{faq}#bsd-license-restrictions[BSD license] FreeBSD makes an excellent foundation for building embedded routers, firewalls, and other devices. * _Desktop:_ FreeBSD makes a fine choice for an inexpensive desktop solution using the freely available X11 server. FreeBSD offers a choice from many open-source desktop environments, including the standard GNOME and KDE graphical user interfaces. FreeBSD can even boot "diskless" from a central server, making individual workstations even cheaper and easier to administer. * _Software Development:_ The basic FreeBSD system comes with a full suite of development tools including a full C/C++ compiler and debugger suite. Support for many other languages are also available through the ports and packages collection. FreeBSD is available to download free of charge, or can be obtained on either CD-ROM or DVD. Please see crossref:mirrors[mirrors, Obtaining FreeBSD] for more information about obtaining FreeBSD. [[introduction-nutshell-users]] === Who Uses FreeBSD? FreeBSD has been known for its web serving capabilities - sites that run on FreeBSD include https://news.ycombinator.com/[Hacker News], http://www.netcraft.com/[Netcraft], http://www.163.com/[NetEase], https://signup.netflix.com/openconnect[Netflix], http://www.sina.com/[Sina], http://www.sony.co.jp/[Sony Japan], http://www.rambler.ru/[Rambler], http://www.yahoo.com/[Yahoo!], and http://www.yandex.ru/[Yandex]. FreeBSD's advanced features, proven security, predictable release cycle, and permissive license have led to its use as a platform for building many commercial and open source appliances, devices, and products. Many of the world's largest IT companies use FreeBSD: * http://www.apache.org/[Apache] - The Apache Software Foundation runs most of its public facing infrastructure, including possibly one of the largest SVN repositories in the world with over 1.4 million commits, on FreeBSD. * http://www.apple.com/[Apple] - OS X borrows heavily from FreeBSD for the network stack, virtual file system, and many userland components. Apple iOS also contains elements borrowed from FreeBSD. * http://www.cisco.com/[Cisco] - IronPort network security and anti-spam appliances run a modified FreeBSD kernel. * http://www.citrix.com/[Citrix] - The NetScaler line of security appliances provide layer 4-7 load balancing, content caching, application firewall, secure VPN, and mobile cloud network access, along with the power of a FreeBSD shell. * https://www.emc.com/isilon[Dell EMC Isilon] - Isilon's enterprise storage appliances are based on FreeBSD. The extremely liberal FreeBSD license allowed Isilon to integrate their intellectual property throughout the kernel and focus on building their product instead of an operating system. * http://www.quest.com/KACE[Quest KACE] - The KACE system management appliances run FreeBSD because of its reliability, scalability, and the community that supports its continued development. -* http://www.ixsystems.com/[iXsystems] - The TrueNAS line of unified storage appliances is based on FreeBSD. In addition to their commercial products, iXsystems also manages development of the open source projects TrueOS and FreeNAS. +* http://www.ixsystems.com/[iXsystems] - The TrueNAS line of unified storage appliances is based on FreeBSD. * http://www.juniper.net/[Juniper] - The JunOS operating system that powers all Juniper networking gear (including routers, switches, security, and networking appliances) is based on FreeBSD. Juniper is one of many vendors that showcases the symbiotic relationship between the project and vendors of commercial products. Improvements generated at Juniper are upstreamed into FreeBSD to reduce the complexity of integrating new features from FreeBSD back into JunOS in the future. * http://www.mcafee.com/[McAfee] - SecurOS, the basis of McAfee enterprise firewall products including Sidewinder is based on FreeBSD. * http://www.netapp.com/[NetApp] - The Data ONTAP GX line of storage appliances are based on FreeBSD. In addition, NetApp has contributed back many features, including the new BSD licensed hypervisor, bhyve. * http://www.netflix.com/[Netflix] - The OpenConnect appliance that Netflix uses to stream movies to its customers is based on FreeBSD. Netflix has made extensive contributions to the codebase and works to maintain a zero delta from mainline FreeBSD. Netflix OpenConnect appliances are responsible for delivering more than 32% of all Internet traffic in North America. * http://www.sandvine.com/[Sandvine] - Sandvine uses FreeBSD as the basis of their high performance real-time network processing platforms that make up their intelligent network policy control products. * http://www.sony.com/[Sony] - The PlayStation 4 gaming console runs a modified version of FreeBSD. * http://www.sophos.com/[Sophos] - The Sophos Email Appliance product is based on a hardened FreeBSD and scans inbound mail for spam and viruses, while also monitoring outbound mail for malware as well as the accidental loss of sensitive information. * http://www.spectralogic.com/[Spectra Logic] - The nTier line of archive grade storage appliances run FreeBSD and OpenZFS. * https://www.stormshield.com[Stormshield] - Stormshield Network Security appliances are based on a hardened version of FreeBSD. The BSD license allows them to integrate their own intellectual property with the system while returning a great deal of interesting development to the community. * http://www.weather.com/[The Weather Channel] - The IntelliStar appliance that is installed at each local cable provider's headend and is responsible for injecting local weather forecasts into the cable TV network's programming runs FreeBSD. * http://www.verisign.com/[Verisign] - Verisign is responsible for operating the .com and .net root domain registries as well as the accompanying DNS infrastructure. They rely on a number of different network operating systems including FreeBSD to ensure there is no common point of failure in their infrastructure. * http://www.voxer.com/[Voxer] - Voxer powers their mobile voice messaging platform with ZFS on FreeBSD. Voxer switched from a Solaris derivative to FreeBSD because of its superior documentation, larger and more active community, and more developer friendly environment. In addition to critical features like ZFS and DTrace, FreeBSD also offers TRIM support for ZFS. * https://fudosecurity.com/en/[Fudo Security] - The FUDO security appliance allows enterprises to monitor, control, record, and audit contractors and administrators who work on their systems. Based on all of the best security features of FreeBSD including ZFS, GELI, Capsicum, HAST, and auditdistd. FreeBSD has also spawned a number of related open source projects: * http://bsdrp.net/[BSD Router] - A FreeBSD based replacement for large enterprise routers designed to run on standard PC hardware. -* http://www.freenas.org/[FreeNAS] - A customized FreeBSD designed to be used as a network file server appliance. Provides a python based web interface to simplify the management of both the UFS and ZFS file systems. Includes support for NFS, SMB/CIFS, AFP, FTP, and iSCSI. Includes an extensible plugin system based on FreeBSD jails. +* https://www.truenas.com/[TrueNAS] is a Network Attached Storage (NAS) software that shares and protects data from modern-day threats like ransomware and malware. TrueNAS makes it easy for users and client devices to access shared data through virtually any sharing protocol. * https://ghostbsd.org/[GhostBSD] - is derived from FreeBSD, uses the GTK environment to provide a beautiful looks and comfortable experience on the modern BSD platform offering a natural and native UNIX(R) work environment. * http://mfsbsd.vx.sk/[mfsBSD] - A toolkit for building a FreeBSD system image that runs entirely from memory. * https://xigmanas.com/[XigmaNAS] - A file server distribution based on FreeBSD with a PHP powered web interface. * http://www.opnsense.org/[OPNSense] - OPNsense is an open source, easy-to-use and easy-to-build FreeBSD based firewall and routing platform. OPNsense includes most of the features available in expensive commercial firewalls, and more in many cases. It brings the rich feature set of commercial offerings with the benefits of open and verifiable sources. * https://www.midnightbsd.org[MidnightBSD] - is a FreeBSD derived operating system developed with desktop users in mind. It includes all the software you'd expect for your daily tasks: mail, web browsing, word processing, gaming, and much more. * https://www.nomadbsd.org[NomadBSD] - is a persistent live system for USB flash drives, based on FreeBSD. Together with automatic hardware detection and setup, it is configured to be used as a desktop system that works out of the box, but can also be used for data recovery, for educational purposes, or to test FreeBSD's hardware compatibility. * http://www.pfsense.org/[pfSense] - A firewall distribution based on FreeBSD with a huge array of features and extensive IPv6 support. * http://zrouter.org/[ZRouter] - An open source alternative firmware for embedded devices based on FreeBSD. Designed to replace the proprietary firmware on off-the-shelf routers. A list of https://www.freebsdfoundation.org/about/testimonials/[testimonials from companies basing their products and services on FreeBSD] can be found at the FreeBSD Foundation website. Wikipedia also maintains a https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_products_based_on_FreeBSD[list of products based on FreeBSD]. [[history]] == About the FreeBSD Project The following section provides some background information on the project, including a brief history, project goals, and the development model of the project. [[intro-history]] === A Brief History of FreeBSD The FreeBSD Project had its genesis in the early part of 1993, partially as the brainchild of the Unofficial 386BSDPatchkit's last 3 coordinators: Nate Williams, Rod Grimes and Jordan Hubbard. The original goal was to produce an intermediate snapshot of 386BSD in order to fix a number of problems that the patchkit mechanism was just not capable of solving. The early working title for the project was 386BSD 0.5 or 386BSD Interim in reference of that fact. 386BSD was Bill Jolitz's operating system, which had been up to that point suffering rather severely from almost a year's worth of neglect. As the patchkit swelled ever more uncomfortably with each passing day, they decided to assist Bill by providing this interim "cleanup" snapshot. Those plans came to a rude halt when Bill Jolitz suddenly decided to withdraw his sanction from the project without any clear indication of what would be done instead. The trio thought that the goal remained worthwhile, even without Bill's support, and so they adopted the name "FreeBSD" coined by David Greenman. The initial objectives were set after consulting with the system's current users and, once it became clear that the project was on the road to perhaps even becoming a reality, Jordan contacted Walnut Creek CDROM with an eye toward improving FreeBSD's distribution channels for those many unfortunates without easy access to the Internet. Walnut Creek CDROM not only supported the idea of distributing FreeBSD on CD but also went so far as to provide the project with a machine to work on and a fast Internet connection. Without Walnut Creek CDROM's almost unprecedented degree of faith in what was, at the time, a completely unknown project, it is quite unlikely that FreeBSD would have gotten as far, as fast, as it has today. The first CD-ROM (and general net-wide) distribution was FreeBSD 1.0, released in December of 1993. This was based on the 4.3BSD-Lite ("Net/2") tape from U.C. Berkeley, with many components also provided by 386BSD and the Free Software Foundation. It was a fairly reasonable success for a first offering, and they followed it with the highly successful FreeBSD 1.1 release in May of 1994. Around this time, some rather unexpected storm clouds formed on the horizon as Novell and U.C. Berkeley settled their long-running lawsuit over the legal status of the Berkeley Net/2 tape. A condition of that settlement was U.C. Berkeley's concession that large parts of Net/2 were "encumbered" code and the property of Novell, who had in turn acquired it from AT&T some time previously. What Berkeley got in return was Novell's "blessing" that the 4.4BSD-Lite release, when it was finally released, would be declared unencumbered and all existing Net/2 users would be strongly encouraged to switch. This included FreeBSD, and the project was given until the end of July 1994 to stop shipping its own Net/2 based product. Under the terms of that agreement, the project was allowed one last release before the deadline, that release being FreeBSD 1.1.5.1. FreeBSD then set about the arduous task of literally re-inventing itself from a completely new and rather incomplete set of 4.4BSD-Lite bits. The "Lite" releases were light in part because Berkeley's CSRG had removed large chunks of code required for actually constructing a bootable running system (due to various legal requirements) and the fact that the Intel port of 4.4 was highly incomplete. It took the project until November of 1994 to make this transition, and in December it released FreeBSD 2.0 to the world. Despite being still more than a little rough around the edges, the release was a significant success and was followed by the more robust and easier to install FreeBSD 2.0.5 release in June of 1995. Since that time, FreeBSD has made a series of releases each time improving the stability, speed, and feature set of the previous version. For now, long-term development projects continue to take place in the 10.X-CURRENT (trunk) branch, and snapshot releases of 10.X are continually made available from link:ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/snapshots/[the snapshot server] as work progresses. [[goals]] === FreeBSD Project Goals The goals of the FreeBSD Project are to provide software that may be used for any purpose and without strings attached. Many of us have a significant investment in the code (and project) and would certainly not mind a little financial compensation now and then, but we are definitely not prepared to insist on it. We believe that our first and foremost "mission" is to provide code to any and all comers, and for whatever purpose, so that the code gets the widest possible use and provides the widest possible benefit. This is, I believe, one of the most fundamental goals of Free Software and one that we enthusiastically support. That code in our source tree which falls under the GNU General Public License (GPL) or Library General Public License (LGPL) comes with slightly more strings attached, though at least on the side of enforced access rather than the usual opposite. Due to the additional complexities that can evolve in the commercial use of GPL software we do, however, prefer software submitted under the more relaxed BSD license when it is a reasonable option to do so. [[development]] === The FreeBSD Development Model The development of FreeBSD is a very open and flexible process, being literally built from the contributions of thousands of people around the world, as can be seen from our link:{contributors}[list of contributors]. FreeBSD's development infrastructure allow these thousands of contributors to collaborate over the Internet. We are constantly on the lookout for new developers and ideas, and those interested in becoming more closely involved with the project need simply contact us at the {freebsd-hackers}. The {freebsd-announce} is also available to those wishing to make other FreeBSD users aware of major areas of work. Useful things to know about the FreeBSD Project and its development process, whether working independently or in close cooperation: The SVN repositories[[development-cvs-repository]]:: For several years, the central source tree for FreeBSD was maintained by http://www.nongnu.org/cvs/[CVS] (Concurrent Versions System), a freely available source code control tool. In June 2008, the Project switched to using https://subversion.apache.org/[SVN] (Subversion). The switch was deemed necessary, as the technical limitations imposed by CVS were becoming obvious due to the rapid expansion of the source tree and the amount of history already stored. The Documentation Project and Ports Collection repositories also moved from CVS to SVN in May 2012 and July 2012, respectively. Please refer to the crossref:cutting-edge[synching, Obtaining the Source] section for more information on obtaining the FreeBSD `src/` repository and crossref:ports[ports-using, Using the Ports Collection] for details on obtaining the FreeBSD Ports Collection. The committers list[[development-committers]]:: The _committers_ are the people who have _write_ access to the Subversion tree, and are authorized to make modifications to the FreeBSD source (the term "committer" comes from `commit`, the source control command which is used to bring new changes into the repository). Anyone can submit a bug to the https://bugs.FreeBSD.org/submit/[Bug Database]. Before submitting a bug report, the FreeBSD mailing lists, IRC channels, or forums can be used to help verify that an issue is actually a bug. The FreeBSD core team[[development-core]]:: The _FreeBSD core team_ would be equivalent to the board of directors if the FreeBSD Project were a company. The primary task of the core team is to make sure the project, as a whole, is in good shape and is heading in the right directions. Inviting dedicated and responsible developers to join our group of committers is one of the functions of the core team, as is the recruitment of new core team members as others move on. The current core team was elected from a pool of committer candidates in June 2020. Elections are held every 2 years. + [NOTE] ==== Like most developers, most members of the core team are also volunteers when it comes to FreeBSD development and do not benefit from the project financially, so "commitment" should also not be misconstrued as meaning "guaranteed support." The "board of directors" analogy above is not very accurate, and it may be more suitable to say that these are the people who gave up their lives in favor of FreeBSD against their better judgement! ==== Outside contributors:: Last, but definitely not least, the largest group of developers are the users themselves who provide feedback and bug fixes to us on an almost constant basis. The primary way of keeping in touch with FreeBSD's more non-centralized development is to subscribe to the {freebsd-hackers} where such things are discussed. See crossref:eresources[eresources, Resources on the Internet] for more information about the various FreeBSD mailing lists. + link:{contributors}[The FreeBSD Contributors List] is a long and growing one, so why not join it by contributing something back to FreeBSD today? + Providing code is not the only way of contributing to the project; for a more complete list of things that need doing, please refer to the link:https://www.FreeBSD.org/[FreeBSD Project web site]. In summary, our development model is organized as a loose set of concentric circles. The centralized model is designed for the convenience of the _users_ of FreeBSD, who are provided with an easy way of tracking one central code base, not to keep potential contributors out! Our desire is to present a stable operating system with a large set of coherent crossref:ports[ports,application programs] that the users can easily install and use - this model works very well in accomplishing that. All we ask of those who would join us as FreeBSD developers is some of the same dedication its current people have to its continued success! [[third-party-programs]] === Third Party Programs In addition to the base distributions, FreeBSD offers a ported software collection with thousands of commonly sought-after programs. At the time of this writing, there were over {numports} ports! The list of ports ranges from http servers, to games, languages, editors, and almost everything in between. The entire Ports Collection requires approximately {ports-size}. To compile a port, you simply change to the directory of the program you wish to install, type `make install`, and let the system do the rest. The full original distribution for each port you build is retrieved dynamically so you need only enough disk space to build the ports you want. Almost every port is also provided as a pre-compiled "package", which can be installed with a simple command (`pkg install`) by those who do not wish to compile their own ports from source. More information on packages and ports can be found in crossref:ports[ports,Installing Applications: Packages and Ports]. === Additional Documentation All supported FreeBSD versions provide an option in the installer to install additional documentation under [.filename]#/usr/local/share/doc/freebsd# during the initial system setup. Documentation may also be installed at any later time using packages as described in crossref:cutting-edge[doc-ports-install-package,Updating Documentation from Ports]. You may view the locally installed manuals with any HTML capable browser using the following URLs: The FreeBSD Handbook:: [.filename]#link:file://localhost/usr/local/share/doc/freebsd/handbook/index.html[/usr/local/share/doc/freebsd/handbook/index.html]# The FreeBSD FAQ:: [.filename]#link:file://localhost/usr/local/share/doc/freebsd/faq/index.html[/usr/local/share/doc/freebsd/faq/index.html]# You can also view the master (and most frequently updated) copies at https://www.FreeBSD.org/[https://www.FreeBSD.org/]. diff --git a/website/content/en/advocacy/myths.adoc b/website/content/en/advocacy/myths.adoc index fe55cd2dd7..bd8a88e5cd 100644 --- a/website/content/en/advocacy/myths.adoc +++ b/website/content/en/advocacy/myths.adoc @@ -1,182 +1,182 @@ --- title: "FreeBSD Advocacy Project" sidenav: about --- include::shared/en/urls.adoc[] = FreeBSD Advocacy Project As the BSD projects (including DragonFlyBSD, FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD) have grown in size, a number of persistent myths have grown up around them. Some of these are perpetuated by well meaning but misguided individuals, others by people pursuing their own agendas. This page aims to dispel those myths while remaining as dispassionate as possible. *Note:* Throughout this page, "*BSD" refers to all of the BSD Projects. Where a myth or response is specific to a particular project it is indicated as such. If you are aware of an omission or error on this page, please let the mailto:doc@freebsd.org[FreeBSD Documentation Project mailing list] know. == Myths == Index * <> * <> * <> * <> * <> * <> * <> * <> * <> * <> [[closed-model]] === Myth: *BSD has a closed development model, it's more "Cathedral" than "Bazaar" Eric Raymond wrote an influential paper, http://www.catb.org/~esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/["The Cathedral and the Bazaar"] in which the Linux development model (and the model Eric used for `fetchmail`) is held up as an example of how to do "open" development. By contrast, the model employed by *BSD is often characterized as closed. The implicit value judgment is that "bazaar" (open) is good, and "cathedral" (closed) is bad. If anything, *BSD's development model is probably more akin to the "bazaar" that Eric describes than either Linux or `fetchmail`. Consider the following; * *All the *BSD projects:* The current, bleeding edge source code for FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD is available for anyone to download from the Internet, 24 hours a day. You don't need to wait for someone else to roll a release. + *FreeBSD:* An installable snapshot of the current progress is made weekly. These snapshots can be installed exactly like an ordinary release, and do not require installation over an existing system. + *OpenBSD:* Installable snapshots are generated daily and if Theo thinks they are good enough, he uploads them to the mirrors. + Contrast this with Linux, where new kernel distributions are made available on an ad-hoc basis, and where the frequency of each Linux distribution release is at the whim of the individual vendor. + There's none of the Linux fanfare every time a new kernel is released, simply because for most *BSD users it is an every day event. * Anyone can submit patches, bug reports, documentation, and other contributions. They can do this by using a web based interface. + Pointers to this system litter the documentation. * Not everyone can commit code changes to the *BSD code. You need to be a _committer_ first. Typically, people are offered "commit privs" after they have made a few well-thought out submissions to the project using Bugzilla or similar. + This is identical to the Linux mechanism. Only one person is (notionally) allowed to change the Kernel, Linus. But specific areas (such as the networking code) are delegated to other people. + _Aside: Nik (nik@FreeBSD.org) is a case in point. After making several submissions to the FreeBSD Documentation Project and web pages, he was offered "commit privs" so that he did not have to keep bothering other committers to commit the changes. He never had to ask for them, they were freely given._ ''' [[own-distro]] === Myth: You cannot make your own distributions or derivative works of *BSD You can. You just need to say in the documentation and source files where the code is derived from. Multiple derivative projects exist: * http://www.dragonflybsd.org/[DragonflyBSD] started as a code fork from FreeBSD 4.X, but it has since its own user community and development goals. * https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Gentoo_FreeBSD[Gentoo/FreeBSD] is an effort by the Gentoo Project to port their complete administration facilities to take advantage of the reliable FreeBSD kernel and userland. This project is purely incomplete and experimental. * link:{nanobsd}[NanoBSD] is another project to produce reduced versions of FreeBSD to put it on a Compact Flash card or other mass storage. It is also a part of the FreeBSD source tree, see /usr/src/tools/tools/nanobsd. * https://nomadbsd.org[NomadBSD] is a persistent live system for USB flash drives, based on FreeBSD. Together with automatic hardware detection and setup, it is configured to be used as a desktop system that works out of the box, but can also be used for data recovery, for educational purposes, or to test FreeBSD's hardware compatibility * https://ghostbsd.org[GhostBSD] is derived from FreeBSD, uses the GTK environment to provide a beautiful looks and comfortable experience on the modern BSD platform offering a natural and native UNIX(R) work environment. * https://www.midnightbsd.org[MidnightBSD] is a FreeBSD derived operating system developed with desktop users in mind. It includes all the software you'd expect for your daily tasks: mail, web browsing, word processing, gaming, and much more. * http://www.pfsense.com[pfSense] is an open source firewall derived from the m0n0wall firewall system with several different goals and features, such as OpenBSD's Packet Filter (PF), FreeBSD 6.1, ALTQ support for excellent packet queuing and finally an integrated package management system for extending the environment with new features. * https://hardenedbsd.org[HardenedBSD] was Founded in 2014 by Oliver Pinter and Shawn Webb, HardenedBSD is a security-enhanced fork of FreeBSD. The HardenedBSD Project is implementing many exploit mitigation and security technologies on top of FreeBSD. * https://opnsense.org[OPNsense] started as a fork of pfSense© and m0n0wall in 2014, with its first official release in January 2015. The project has evolved very quickly while still retaining familiar aspects of both m0n0wall and pfSense. A strong focus on security and code quality drives the development of the project. -* https://www.freenas.org/[FreeNAS] is an operating system that can be installed on virtually any hardware platform to share data over a network. FreeNAS is the simplest way to create a centralized and easily accessible place for your data. Use FreeNAS with ZFS to protect, store, and back up all of your data. FreeNAS is used everywhere, for the home, small business, and the enterprise. +* https://www.truenas.com/[TrueNAS] is a Network Attached Storage (NAS) software that shares and protects data from modern-day threats like ransomware and malware. TrueNAS makes it easy for users and client devices to access shared data through virtually any sharing protocol. * https://www.xigmanas.com/[XigmaNAS] is an embedded Open Source NAS (Network-Attached Storage) distribution based on FreeBSD. Similarly to DragonflyBSD, OpenBSD was not a standalone project, it started as a spinoff from the NetBSD project, and has since evolved its own distinctive approach. ''' [[server]] === Myth: *BSD makes a great server, but a poor (UNIX(R)) desktop *BSD makes a great server. It also makes a great desktop. Many of the requirements for a server (responsiveness under load, stability, effective use of system resources) are the same requirements as for a desktop machine. *BSD has access to the same desktop tools (KDE, GNOME, Firefox, windowmanagers) as Linux. And "office" applications such as LibreOffice suite work under *BSD too. ''' [[old-codebase]] === Myth: The BSD codebase is old, outdated, and dying While the BSD codebase may be more than 20 years old, it is neither outdated nor dying. Many professional users like the stability that years of testing has provided FreeBSD. link:../../features/[Technological enhancements] continue to be added to *BSD. ''' [[bsd-war]] === Myth: The *BSD projects are at war with one another, splinter groups form each week No. While occasional advocacy may get a touch heated, the *BSD flavors continue to work with one another. FreeBSD's Alpha port was initially heavily based on the work done by the NetBSD team. Both NetBSD and OpenBSD used the FreeBSD ports collection to bootstrap their own port sets. FreeBSD and NetBSD both integrate security fixes first discovered by the OpenBSD team. The FreeBSD and NetBSD projects separated more than twenty years ago. OpenBSD and DragonflyBSD are the only new BSD projects to split off in the last twenty years. ''' [[clustering]] === Myth: You can't cluster *BSD systems (parallel computing) The following URLs should disprove this; * https://people.FreeBSD.org/~brooks/papers/bsdcon2003/fbsdcluster/ Brooks Davis's paper about the implementation of a FreeBSD cluster with more than 300 CPU's * http://www.openbsd.org/faq/pf/carp.html OpenBSD's Common Address Redundancy Protocol (CARP) to build redundant clusters at the level of the firewall * http://pf4freebsd.love2party.net/carp.html OpenBSD's CARP ported to FreeBSD Note, that mailto:freebsd-cluster@FreeBSD.org[freebsd-cluster] mailing list is available for further discussion about clustering of FreeBSD. ''' [[support]] === Myth: There's no commercial support for *BSD *FreeBSD:* The link:../../commercial/consult_bycat/[FreeBSD Commercial Vendors Page] lists companies that offer commercial support for FreeBSD. The http://www.freebsdmall.com[FreeBSD Mall] also offer commercial support, along with shirts, hats, books, software, and promotional items. *OpenBSD:* The http://www.openbsd.org/support.html[OpenBSD Commercial Consulting Page] lists companies that offer commercial support for OpenBSD. ''' [[applications]] === Myth: There are no applications for *BSD The free software community started running on predominantly BSD systems (SunOS and similar). *BSD users can generally compile software written for these systems without needing to make any changes. In addition, each *BSD project uses a "ports" system to make the building of ported software much easier. *FreeBSD:* There are currently more than 30,000 applications ready to download and install in the FreeBSD ports collection. On i386 and AMD64, the Linux emulation layer will also run the vast majority of Linux applications. On the AMD64 architectures there is a compatibility layer to run 32-bit FreeBSD binaries. *NetBSD:* The Linux emulation layer will run the vast majority of i386 Linux applications, and the majority of SunOS4 applications can be run on a SPARCStation. *OpenBSD:* There are currently more than 8000 applications ready to download and install in the OpenBSD ports collection. The Linux emulation layer will also run the vast majority of i386 Linux applications, and the majority of SunOS4 applications can be run on a SPARCStation. Both NetBSD and OpenBSD are able to use applications in FreeBSD's ports collection with minimal effort. Their lower number of ported applications reflects this. It is true that most companies when porting to PC Unix will choose Linux first. Fortunately, *BSD's Linux emulation layer will run these programs (Acrobat, StarOffice, Mathematica, WordPerfect, Quake, Intel ICC compiler, Compaq's Alpha compiler ...) with few, if any, problems. As a historical note, the first version of Netscape Navigator that ran on FreeBSD with Java support was the Linux version. These day you can also use a native FreeBSD version of Mozilla with a native Java plugin, all compiled conveniently from ports. ''' [[beats]] === Myth: *BSD is better than (insert other system) This is user opinion only. ''' [[beaten]] === Myth: (insert some other system) is better than *BSD This is user opinion only. ''' == Contributors Members of the FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD projects have contributed to this page; [cols="",] |=== |Nik Clayton |Jordan Hubbard |Ian F. Darwin |Adrian Filipi-Martin |Tom Rhodes |=== diff --git a/website/content/en/projects/newbies.adoc b/website/content/en/projects/newbies.adoc index 47f3fae726..855df76a89 100644 --- a/website/content/en/projects/newbies.adoc +++ b/website/content/en/projects/newbies.adoc @@ -1,44 +1,44 @@ --- title: "Resources for Newbies" sidenav: docs --- include::shared/en/urls.adoc[] = Resources for Newbies == Getting FreeBSD The latest FreeBSD releases are available link:../../where/[here]. Before you begin, please carefully read the link:{handbook}bsdinstall[installation instructions] == Learning about FreeBSD * The link:{handbook}[FreeBSD Handbook] and link:{faq}[Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)] are the main documents for FreeBSD. Essential reading, they contain a lot of material for newbies as well as advanced users. For users interested in installing a GUI, see the link:{handbook}x11[X Windows] chapter. * https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi[Manual pages] are good for reference but not always the best introduction for a novice. They generally provide information on a specific command, driver or service. == Questions and Support * Join the FreeBSD-Questions mailing list to see the questions you were too afraid to ask, and their answers. Subscribe by filling out the following form: http://lists.FreeBSD.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions. You can look up old questions and answers via the link:../../search/#mailinglists[search] page. * The FreeBSD https://forums.freebsd.org[Forums] offer another support channel. Many users have written various tutorials and lots of new users receive help there. * You can link:../../search/[search] the Handbook and FAQ, the whole web site, or the FreeBSD mailing list archives. * The link:../../support/[Support] page contains a wealth of information about FreeBSD, including mailing lists, user groups, web and FTP sites, release information, and links to some sources of UNIX(R) information. == Learning about FreeBSD-derived projects FreeBSD is widely used as a building block for other commercial and open-source operating systems. Some of the most widely used and publicly available systems are listed below. -* http://www.freenas.org[FreeNAS] is a storage solution that can be installed on virtually any hardware platform to share data over a network. It uses ZFS to protect, store, backup, all of your data. +* https://www.truenas.com/[TrueNAS] is a Network Attached Storage (NAS) software that shares and protects data from modern-day threats like ransomware and malware. TrueNAS makes it easy for users and client devices to access shared data through virtually any sharing protocol. * https://ghostbsd.org[GhostBSD] is derived from FreeBSD, GhostBSD uses the GTK environment to provide a beautiful looks and comfortable experience on the modern BSD platform offering a natural and native UNIX(R) work environment. * https://nomadbsd.org[NomadBSD] is a persistent live system for USB flash drives, based on FreeBSD. Together with automatic hardware detection and setup, it is configured to be used as a desktop system that works out of the box, but can also be used for data recovery, for educational purposes, or to test FreeBSD's hardware compatibility. * https://www.midnightbsd.org[MidnightBSD] is a BSD-derived operating system developed with desktop users in mind. It includes all the software you'd expect for your daily tasks: mail, web browsing, word processing, gaming, and much more. * http://www.pfsense.org[pfSense] is a FreeBSD based network security solution. pfSense software, with the help of the package system, is able to provide the same functionality or more of common commercial firewalls, without any of the artificial limitations. It has successfully replaced every big name commercial firewall you can imagine in numerous installations around the world. == How to Contribute Everyone has something to contribute to the FreeBSD community, even newbies! Some are busy working with the new advocacy group and some have become involved with the link:../../docproj/[Documentation Project] as reviewers. Other FreeBSD newbies might have particular skills and experiences to share, either computer related or not, or just want to meet new newbies and make them feel welcome. There are always people around who help others simply because they like to. Friends who run FreeBSD are a great resource. No book can replace chatting on the phone or across a pizza with someone who has the same interests, enjoys similar accomplishments, and faces the same challenges. If you do not have many friends who use FreeBSD, consider using your old FreeBSD CDs to create some more. link:../../usergroups/[User groups] are good places to meet other FreeBSD users. If there is no one nearby, you might consider starting one! For more information on getting involved in the community, see the link:{contributing}[Contributing to FreeBSD] article. diff --git a/website/content/en/where.adoc b/website/content/en/where.adoc index ebf4aaa087..3e098a3a13 100644 --- a/website/content/en/where.adoc +++ b/website/content/en/where.adoc @@ -1,405 +1,405 @@ --- title: "Download FreeBSD" sidenav: download --- :url-rel: https://download.FreeBSD.org/ftp/releases :url-snapshot: https://download.freebsd.org/ftp/snapshots include::shared/releases.adoc[] include::shared/en/urls.adoc[] = Download FreeBSD [[choose-version]] [[choose-arch]] == Choosing an Architecture Most users of FreeBSD will have hardware for either the amd64 or aarch64 architectures, which are well supported. Modern PCs use the amd64 architecture, including those with Intel® branded processors. Embedded devices and single-board computers (SBCs) such as the Raspberry Pi 3 and 4, ESPRESSObin, as well as many Allwinner and Rockchip boards, use the aarch64 SD card image. All other users should reference the link:../platforms/[complete list] of supported FreeBSD platforms. [[choose-image]] == Choosing an Image The FreeBSD installer can be downloaded in a number of different formats including CD (disc1), DVD (dvd1), and Network Install (bootonly) sized ISO Disc Images, as well as regular and mini USB memory stick images. Recent versions of FreeBSD are also offered as prebuilt expandable Virtual Machine images, and as SD Card images for embedded platforms. [[help-statistics]] == FreeBSD Deployment Statistics While FreeBSD does not gather deployment statistics, having statistical information available is essential. Please consider installing the https://www.freshports.org/sysutils/bsdstats/[sysutils/bsdstats] package, which collects hardware and software statistics, helping developers understand how to best focus their efforts. The information collected is available at the http://bsdstats.org[bsdstats.org] website. [[download]] [[download-rel130]] == FreeBSD {rel130-current}-RELEASE [.tblbasic] [.tblDownload] [width="100%",cols="25%,25%,25%,25%",options="header",] |=== |Installer Images |Virtual Machine Images |SD Card Images |Documentation a| * link:{url-rel}/amd64/amd64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel130-current}/[amd64] * link:{url-rel}/i386/i386/ISO-IMAGES/{rel130-current}/[i386] * link:{url-rel}/powerpc/powerpc/ISO-IMAGES/{rel130-current}/[powerpc] * link:{url-rel}/powerpc/powerpc64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel130-current}/[powerpc64] * link:{url-rel}/powerpc/powerpc64le/ISO-IMAGES/{rel130-current}/[powerpc64le] * link:{url-rel}/powerpc/powerpcspe/ISO-IMAGES/{rel130-current}/[powerpcspe] * link:{url-rel}/arm/armv6/ISO-IMAGES/{rel130-current}/[armv6] * link:{url-rel}/arm/armv7/ISO-IMAGES/{rel130-current}/[armv7] * link:{url-rel}/arm64/aarch64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel130-current}/[aarch64] * link:{url-rel}/riscv/riscv64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel130-current}/[riscv64] a| * link:{url-rel}/VM-IMAGES/README.txt[README] * link:{url-rel}/VM-IMAGES/{rel130-current}-RELEASE/amd64/Latest/[amd64] * link:{url-rel}/VM-IMAGES/{rel130-current}-RELEASE/i386/Latest/[i386] * link:{url-rel}/VM-IMAGES/{rel130-current}-RELEASE/aarch64/Latest/[aarch64] * link:{url-rel}/VM-IMAGES/{rel130-current}-RELEASE/riscv64/Latest/[riscv64] a| * aarch64 * {blank} ** link:{url-rel}/arm64/aarch64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel130-current}/[PINE64] ** link:{url-rel}/arm64/aarch64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel130-current}/[PINE64-LTS] ** link:{url-rel}/arm64/aarch64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel130-current}/[ROCK64] ** link:{url-rel}/arm64/aarch64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel130-current}/[ROCKPRO64] ** link:{url-rel}/arm64/aarch64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel130-current}/[RPI] (3/4) * armv6/armv7 * {blank} ** link:{url-rel}/arm/armv7/ISO-IMAGES/{rel130-current}/[GENERICSD] ** link:{url-rel}/arm/armv6/ISO-IMAGES/{rel130-current}/[RPI-B] * riscv64 * {blank} ** link:{url-rel}/riscv/riscv64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel130-current}/[GENERICSD] a| * link:../releases/#current[Released]: {rel130-current-date} * link:{u-rel130-notes}[Release Notes] * link:{u-rel130-readme}[Readme] * link:{u-rel130-hardware}[Hardware Compatibility List] * link:{u-rel130-installation}[Installation Instructions] * link:{u-rel130-errata}[Errata] * link:{u-rel130-signatures}[Signed Checksums] |=== [[download-rel122]] == FreeBSD {rel122-current}-RELEASE [.tblbasic] [.tblDownload] [width="100%",cols="25%,25%,25%,25%",options="header",] |=== |Installer Images |Virtual Machine Images |SD Card Images |Documentation a| * link:{url-rel}/amd64/amd64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel122-current}/[amd64] * link:{url-rel}/i386/i386/ISO-IMAGES/{rel122-current}/[i386] * link:{url-rel}/powerpc/powerpc/ISO-IMAGES/{rel122-current}/[powerpc] * link:{url-rel}/powerpc/powerpc64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel122-current}/[powerpc64] * link:{url-rel}/powerpc/powerpcspe/ISO-IMAGES/{rel122-current}/[powerpcspe] * link:{url-rel}/sparc64/sparc64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel122-current}/[sparc64] * link:{url-rel}/arm64/aarch64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel122-current}/[aarch64] a| * link:{url-rel}/VM-IMAGES/README.txt[README] * link:{url-rel}/VM-IMAGES/{rel122-current}-RELEASE/amd64/Latest/[amd64] * link:{url-rel}/VM-IMAGES/{rel122-current}-RELEASE/i386/Latest/[i386] * link:{url-rel}/VM-IMAGES/{rel122-current}-RELEASE/aarch64/Latest/[aarch64] a| * link:{url-rel}/arm/armv6/ISO-IMAGES/{rel122-current}/FreeBSD-{rel122-current}-RELEASE-arm-armv6-RPI-B.img.xz[RPI-B] * link:{url-rel}/arm/armv7/ISO-IMAGES/{rel122-current}/FreeBSD-{rel122-current}-RELEASE-arm-armv7-BANANAPI.img.xz[BANANAPI] * link:{url-rel}/arm/armv7/ISO-IMAGES/{rel122-current}/FreeBSD-{rel122-current}-RELEASE-arm-armv7-CUBIEBOARD.img.xz[CUBIEBOARD] * link:{url-rel}/arm/armv7/ISO-IMAGES/{rel122-current}/FreeBSD-{rel122-current}-RELEASE-arm-armv7-CUBIEBOARD2.img.xz[CUBIEBOARD2] * link:{url-rel}/arm/armv7/ISO-IMAGES/{rel122-current}/FreeBSD-{rel122-current}-RELEASE-arm-armv7-CUBOX-HUMMINGBOARD.img.xz[CUBOX-HUMMINGBOARD] * link:{url-rel}/arm/armv7/ISO-IMAGES/{rel122-current}/FreeBSD-{rel122-current}-RELEASE-arm-armv7-GENERICSD.img.xz[GENERICSD] * link:{url-rel}/arm/armv7/ISO-IMAGES/{rel122-current}/FreeBSD-{rel122-current}-RELEASE-arm-armv7-RPI2.img.xz[RPI2] * link:{url-rel}/arm/armv7/ISO-IMAGES/{rel122-current}/FreeBSD-{rel122-current}-RELEASE-arm-armv7-PANDABOARD.img.xz[PANDABOARD] * link:{url-rel}/arm/armv7/ISO-IMAGES/{rel122-current}/FreeBSD-{rel122-current}-RELEASE-arm-armv7-WANDBOARD.img.xz[WANDBOARD] * link:{url-rel}/arm64/aarch64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel122-current}/FreeBSD-{rel122-current}-RELEASE-arm64-aarch64-PINE64.img.xz[PINE64] * link:{url-rel}/arm64/aarch64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel122-current}/FreeBSD-{rel122-current}-RELEASE-arm64-aarch64-PINE64-LTS.img.xz[PINE64-LTS] * link:{url-rel}/arm64/aarch64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel122-current}/FreeBSD-{rel122-current}-RELEASE-arm64-aarch64-RPI3.img.xz[RPI3] a| * link:../releases/#current[Released]: {rel122-current-date} * link:{u-rel122-notes}[Release Notes] * link:{u-rel122-readme}[Readme] * link:{u-rel122-hardware}[Hardware Compatibility List] * link:{u-rel122-installation}[Installation Instructions] * link:{u-rel122-errata}[Errata] * link:{u-rel122-signatures}[Signed Checksums] |=== [[download-rel114]] == FreeBSD {rel114-current}-RELEASE [.tblbasic] [.tblDownload] [width="100%",cols="25%,25%,25%,25%",options="header",] |=== |Installer Images |Virtual Machine Images |SD Card Images |Documentation a| * link:{url-rel}/amd64/amd64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel114-current}/[amd64] * link:{url-rel}/i386/i386/ISO-IMAGES/{rel114-current}/[i386] * link:{url-rel}/powerpc/powerpc/ISO-IMAGES/{rel114-current}/[powerpc] * link:{url-rel}/powerpc/powerpc64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel114-current}/[powerpc64] * link:{url-rel}/sparc64/sparc64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel114-current}/[sparc64] * link:{url-rel}/arm64/aarch64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel114-current}/[aarch64] a| * link:{url-rel}/VM-IMAGES/README.txt[README] * link:{url-rel}/VM-IMAGES/{rel114-current}-RELEASE/amd64/Latest/[amd64] * link:{url-rel}/VM-IMAGES/{rel114-current}-RELEASE/i386/Latest/[i386] * link:{url-rel}/VM-IMAGES/{rel114-current}-RELEASE/aarch64/Latest/[aarch64] a| * link:{url-rel}/arm/armv6/ISO-IMAGES/{rel114-current}/FreeBSD-{rel114-current}-RELEASE-arm-armv6-BANANAPI.img.xz[BANANAPI] * link:{url-rel}/arm/armv6/ISO-IMAGES/{rel114-current}/FreeBSD-{rel114-current}-RELEASE-arm-armv6-BEAGLEBONE.img.xz[BEAGLEBONE] * link:{url-rel}/arm/armv6/ISO-IMAGES/{rel114-current}/FreeBSD-{rel114-current}-RELEASE-arm-armv6-CUBIEBOARD.img.xz[CUBIEBOARD] * link:{url-rel}/arm/armv6/ISO-IMAGES/{rel114-current}/FreeBSD-{rel114-current}-RELEASE-arm-armv6-CUBIEBOARD2.img.xz[CUBIEBOARD2] * link:{url-rel}/arm/armv6/ISO-IMAGES/{rel114-current}/FreeBSD-{rel114-current}-RELEASE-arm-armv6-CUBOX-HUMMINGBOARD.img.xz[CUBOX-HUMMINGBOARD] * link:{url-rel}/arm/armv6/ISO-IMAGES/{rel114-current}/FreeBSD-{rel114-current}-RELEASE-arm-armv6-RPI-B.img.xz[RPI-B] * link:{url-rel}/arm/armv6/ISO-IMAGES/{rel114-current}/FreeBSD-{rel114-current}-RELEASE-arm-armv6-RPI2.img.xz[RPI2] * link:{url-rel}/arm/armv6/ISO-IMAGES/{rel114-current}/FreeBSD-{rel114-current}-RELEASE-arm-armv6-WANDBOARD.img.xz[WANDBOARD] a| * link:../releases/#current[Released]: {rel114-current-date} * link:{u-rel114-notes}[Release Notes] * link:{u-rel114-readme}[Readme] * link:{u-rel114-hardware}[Hardware Compatibility List] * link:{u-rel114-installation}[Installation Instructions] * link:{u-rel114-errata}[Errata] * link:{u-rel114-signatures}[Signed Checksums] |=== //[[helptest]] //== Help Test // //If you are interested in testing the next upcoming release, please visit the link:../where/[FreeBSD download page]. [[download-snapshots]] == Development Snapshots If you are interested in a purely experimental *snapshot* release of FreeBSD-CURRENT (AKA {rel-head}-CURRENT), aimed at developers and bleeding-edge testers only, then please see the link:../snapshots/[FreeBSD Snapshot Releases] page. For more information about past, present and future releases in general, please visit the link:../releases/[release information page]. == FreeBSD {rel-head}-CURRENT [.tblbasic] [.tblDownload] [width="100%",cols="25%,25%,25%,25%",options="header",] |=== |Installer Images |Virtual Machine Images |SD Card Images |Documentation a| * link:{url-snapshot}/amd64/amd64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel-head}/[amd64] * link:{url-snapshot}/i386/i386/ISO-IMAGES/{rel-head}/[i386] * link:{url-snapshot}/powerpc/powerpc/ISO-IMAGES/{rel-head}/[powerpc] * link:{url-snapshot}/powerpc/powerpc64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel-head}/[powerpc64] * link:{url-snapshot}/powerpc/powerpc64le/ISO-IMAGES/{rel-head}/[powerpc64le] * link:{url-snapshot}/powerpc/powerpcspe/ISO-IMAGES/{rel-head}/[powerpcspe] * link:{url-snapshot}/arm/armv6/ISO-IMAGES/{rel-head}/[armv6] * link:{url-snapshot}/arm/armv7/ISO-IMAGES/{rel-head}/[armv7] * link:{url-snapshot}/arm64/aarch64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel-head}/[aarch64] * link:{url-snapshot}/riscv/riscv64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel-head}/[riscv64] a| * link:{url-rel}/VM-IMAGES/README.txt[README] * link:{url-snapshot}/VM-IMAGES/{rel-head}-CURRENT/amd64/Latest/[amd64] * link:{url-snapshot}/VM-IMAGES/{rel-head}-CURRENT/i386/Latest/[i386] * link:{url-snapshot}/VM-IMAGES/{rel-head}-CURRENT/aarch64/Latest/[aarch64] * link:{url-snapshot}/VM-IMAGES/{rel-head}-CURRENT/riscv64/Latest/[riscv64] a| * aarch64 * {blank} ** link:{url-snapshot}/arm64/aarch64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel-head}/[PINE64] ** link:{url-snapshot}/arm64/aarch64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel-head}/[PINE64-LTS] ** link:{url-snapshot}/arm64/aarch64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel-head}/[ROCK64] ** link:{url-snapshot}/arm64/aarch64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel-head}/[ROCKPRO64] ** link:{url-snapshot}/arm64/aarch64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel-head}/[RPI] (3/4) * armv6/armv7 * {blank} ** link:{url-snapshot}/arm/armv7/ISO-IMAGES/{rel-head}/[GENERICSD] ** link:{url-snapshot}/arm/armv6/ISO-IMAGES/{rel-head}/[RPI-B] * riscv64 * {blank} ** link:{url-snapshot}/riscv/riscv64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel-head}/[GENERICSD] a| * {blank} |=== == FreeBSD {rel130-current}-STABLE [.tblbasic] [.tblDownload] [width="100%",cols="25%,25%,25%,25%",options="header",] |=== |Installer Images |Virtual Machine Images |SD Card Images |Documentation a| * link:{url-snapshot}/amd64/amd64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel130-current}/[amd64] * link:{url-snapshot}/i386/i386/ISO-IMAGES/{rel130-current}/[i386] * link:{url-snapshot}/powerpc/powerpc/ISO-IMAGES/{rel130-current}/[powerpc] * link:{url-snapshot}/powerpc/powerpc64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel130-current}/[powerpc64] * link:{url-snapshot}/powerpc/powerpc64le/ISO-IMAGES/{rel130-current}/[powerpc64le] * link:{url-snapshot}/powerpc/powerpcspe/ISO-IMAGES/{rel130-current}/[powerpcspe] * link:{url-snapshot}/arm/armv6/ISO-IMAGES/{rel130-current}/[armv6] * link:{url-snapshot}/arm/armv7/ISO-IMAGES/{rel130-current}/[armv7] * link:{url-snapshot}/arm64/aarch64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel130-current}/[aarch64] * link:{url-snapshot}/riscv/riscv64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel130-current}/[riscv64] a| * link:{url-rel}/VM-IMAGES/README.txt[README] * link:{url-snapshot}/VM-IMAGES/{rel130-current}-STABLE/amd64/Latest/[amd64] * link:{url-snapshot}/VM-IMAGES/{rel130-current}-STABLE/i386/Latest/[i386] * link:{url-snapshot}/VM-IMAGES/{rel130-current}-STABLE/aarch64/Latest/[aarch64] * link:{url-snapshot}/VM-IMAGES/{rel130-current}-STABLE/riscv64/Latest/[riscv64] a| * aarch64 * {blank} ** link:{url-snapshot}/arm64/aarch64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel130-current}/[PINE64] ** link:{url-snapshot}/arm64/aarch64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel130-current}/[PINE64-LTS] ** link:{url-snapshot}/arm64/aarch64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel130-current}/[ROCK64] ** link:{url-snapshot}/arm64/aarch64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel130-current}/[ROCKPRO64] ** link:{url-snapshot}/arm64/aarch64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel130-current}/[RPI] (3/4) * armv6/armv7 * {blank} ** link:{url-snapshot}/arm/armv7/ISO-IMAGES/{rel130-current}/[GENERICSD] ** link:{url-snapshot}/arm/armv6/ISO-IMAGES/{rel130-current}/[RPI-B] * riscv64 * {blank} ** link:{url-snapshot}/riscv/riscv64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel130-current}/[GENERICSD] a| * {blank} |=== == FreeBSD {rel122-current}-STABLE [.tblbasic] [.tblDownload] [width="100%",cols="25%,25%,25%,25%",options="header",] |=== |Installer Images |Virtual Machine Images |SD Card Images |Documentation a| * link:{url-snapshot}/amd64/amd64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel122-current}/[amd64] * link:{url-snapshot}/i386/i386/ISO-IMAGES/{rel122-current}/[i386] * link:{url-snapshot}/powerpc/powerpc/ISO-IMAGES/{rel122-current}/[powerpc] * link:{url-snapshot}/powerpc/powerpc64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel122-current}/[powerpc64] * link:{url-snapshot}/powerpc/powerpcspe/ISO-IMAGES/{rel122-current}/[powerpcspe] * link:{url-snapshot}/sparc64/sparc64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel122-current}/[sparc64] * link:{url-snapshot}/arm/armv6/ISO-IMAGES/{rel122-current}/[armv6] * link:{url-snapshot}/arm/armv7/ISO-IMAGES/{rel122-current}/[armv7] * link:{url-snapshot}/arm64/aarch64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel122-current}/[aarch64] a| * link:{url-rel}/VM-IMAGES/README.txt[README] * link:{url-snapshot}/VM-IMAGES/{rel122-current}-STABLE/amd64/Latest/[amd64] * link:{url-snapshot}/VM-IMAGES/{rel122-current}-STABLE/i386/Latest/[i386] * {blank} a| * link:{url-snapshot}/arm/armv7/ISO-IMAGES/{rel122-current}/[BANANAPI] * link:{url-snapshot}/arm/armv7/ISO-IMAGES/{rel122-current}/[BEAGLEBONE] * link:{url-snapshot}/arm/armv7/ISO-IMAGES/{rel122-current}/[CUBIEBOARD] * link:{url-snapshot}/arm/armv7/ISO-IMAGES/{rel122-current}/[CUBIEBOARD2] * link:{url-snapshot}/arm/armv7/ISO-IMAGES/{rel122-current}/[CUBOX/HUMMINGBOARD] * link:{url-snapshot}/arm/armv7/ISO-IMAGES/{rel122-current}/[GENERICSD] * link:{url-snapshot}/arm/armv7/ISO-IMAGES/{rel122-current}/[PANDABOARD] * link:{url-snapshot}/arm64/aarch64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel122-current}/[PINE64] * link:{url-snapshot}/arm64/aarch64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel122-current}/[PINE64-LTS] * link:{url-snapshot}/arm/armv6/ISO-IMAGES/{rel122-current}/[RPI-B] * link:{url-snapshot}/arm/armv7/ISO-IMAGES/{rel122-current}/[RPI2] * link:{url-snapshot}/arm64/aarch64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel122-current}/[RPI3] * link:{url-snapshot}/arm/armv7/ISO-IMAGES/{rel122-current}/[WANDBOARD] a| * {blank} |=== == FreeBSD {rel114-current}-STABLE [.tblbasic] [.tblDownload] [width="100%",cols="25%,25%,25%,25%",options="header",] |=== |Installer Images |Virtual Machine Images |SD Card Images |Documentation a| * link:{url-snapshot}/amd64/amd64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel114-current}/[amd64] * link:{url-snapshot}/i386/i386/ISO-IMAGES/{rel114-current}/[i386] * link:{url-snapshot}/powerpc/powerpc/ISO-IMAGES/{rel114-current}/[powerpc] * link:{url-snapshot}/powerpc/powerpc64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel114-current}/[powerpc64] * link:{url-snapshot}/sparc64/sparc64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel114-current}/[sparc64] * link:{url-snapshot}/arm/armv6/ISO-IMAGES/{rel114-current}/[armv6] * link:{url-snapshot}/arm64/aarch64/ISO-IMAGES/{rel114-current}/[aarch64] a| * link:{url-rel}/VM-IMAGES/README.txt[README] * link:{url-snapshot}/VM-IMAGES/{rel114-current}-STABLE/amd64/Latest/[amd64] * link:{url-snapshot}/VM-IMAGES/{rel114-current}-STABLE/i386/Latest/[i386] * link:{url-snapshot}/VM-IMAGES/{rel114-current}-STABLE/aarch64/Latest/[aarch64] a| * link:{url-snapshot}/arm/armv6/ISO-IMAGES/{rel114-current}/[BANANAPI] * link:{url-snapshot}/arm/armv6/ISO-IMAGES/{rel114-current}/[BEAGLEBONE] * link:{url-snapshot}/arm/armv6/ISO-IMAGES/{rel114-current}/[CUBIEBOARD] * link:{url-snapshot}/arm/armv6/ISO-IMAGES/{rel114-current}/[CUBIEBOARD2] * link:{url-snapshot}/arm/armv6/ISO-IMAGES/{rel114-current}/[CUBOX/HUMMINGBOARD] * link:{url-snapshot}/arm/armv6/ISO-IMAGES/{rel114-current}/[RPI2] * link:{url-snapshot}/arm/armv6/ISO-IMAGES/{rel114-current}/[RPI-B] * link:{url-snapshot}/arm/armv6/ISO-IMAGES/{rel114-current}/[WANDBOARD] a| * {blank} |=== If you plan on getting FreeBSD via HTTP or FTP, please check the listing of *link:{handbook}#mirrors-ftp[mirror sites]* in the Handbook to see if there is a site closer to you. [[install]] === Install FreeBSD There are many options for installing FreeBSD, including installation from CD-ROM, DVD, USB Memory Stick or even directly using anonymous FTP, HTTP, or NFS. Please read through the link:{handbook}#bsdinstall[FreeBSD installation guide] before downloading the entire FreeBSD distribution. [[distribution]] === Purchase FreeBSD Media FreeBSD can be acquired on CD-ROM or DVD from http://www.freebsdmall.com/[FreeBSD Mall], or one of the other link:{handbook}#mirrors[CD-ROM and DVD Publishers]. [[past]] === Past Releases For downloading past releases, please visit the http://ftp-archive.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD-Archive/old-releases/[FTP archive]. [[derived]] === FreeBSD-derived Operating System Distributions FreeBSD is widely used as a building block for other commercial and open-source operating systems. The projects below are widely used and of particular interest to FreeBSD users. -* https://www.freenas.org[FreeNAS] is an open source storage platform based on FreeBSD and supports sharing across Windows, Apple, and UNIX-like systems. +* https://www.truenas.com/[TrueNAS] is a Network Attached Storage (NAS) software that shares and protects data from modern-day threats like ransomware and malware. TrueNAS makes it easy for users and client devices to access shared data through virtually any sharing protocol. * https://ghostbsd.org[GhostBSD] is derived from FreeBSD, GhostBSD uses the GTK environment to provide a beautiful look and a comfortable experience on the modern BSD platform offering a natural and native UNIX(R) work environment. * https://www.midnightbsd.org[MidnightBSD] is a BSD-derived operating system developed with desktop users in mind. It includes all the software you'd expect for your daily tasks: mail, web browsing, word processing, gaming, and much more. * https://www.nomadbsd.org[NomadBSD] is a persistent live system for USB flash drives, based on FreeBSD. Together with automatic hardware detection and setup, it is configured to be used as a desktop system that works out of the box, but can also be used for data recovery, for educational purposes, or to test FreeBSD's hardware compatibility. * http://www.pfsense.org[pfSense] is a FreeBSD based customized distribution tailored for use as a firewall and router. [[apps]] === Applications and Utility Software ==== The Ports Collection The FreeBSD Ports Collection is a diverse collection of utility and application software that has been ported to FreeBSD. See *link:{handbook}#ports[Installing Applications: Packages and Ports]* in the Handbook. * ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/[Download the FreeBSD Ports Collection framework] * link:../ports/[Web interface to the Ports Collection] * http://www.freshports.org/[FreshPorts - a more advanced web interface to the Ports Collection] For information about how _you_ can contribute _your_ favorite piece of software to the Ports Collection, have a look at _link:{porters-handbook}[The Porter's Handbook]_ and the article _link:{contributing}[Contributing to FreeBSD]_.