diff --git a/en/advocacy/myths.sgml b/en/advocacy/myths.sgml index a07bcbe43e..ab4cfc2498 100644 --- a/en/advocacy/myths.sgml +++ b/en/advocacy/myths.sgml @@ -1,390 +1,390 @@ %includes; ]> &header;

As the BSD projects (FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD) have grown in size, a number of persistent myths have grown up around them. Some of these are perpetuated by well meaning but misguided individuals, others by people pursuing their own agendas.

This page aims to dispel those myths while remaining as dispassionate as possible.

Note: Throughout this page, ``*BSD'' refers to all three of the BSD Projects. Where a myth or response is specific to a particular project it is indicated as such.

If you are aware of an omission or error on this page, please let the maintainer, Tom Rhodes <trhodes@FreeBSD.org> know.

Index

*BSD has a closed development model, it's more ``Cathedral'' than ``Bazaar''
You can't make your own distributions or derivative works of *BSD
*BSD makes a great server, but a poor desktop
The *BSD codebase is old, outdated, and dying
The *BSD projects are at war with one another, splinter groups form each week
You can't cluster *BSD systems (parallel computing)
There's no commercial support for *BSD
There are no applications for *BSD
*BSD uses the a.out executable format, which is outdated technology
*BSD is better than (some other system)
(some other system) is better than *BSD

Myths

*BSD has a closed development model, it's more ``Cathedral'' than ``Bazaar''

Eric Raymond wrote an influential paper, ``The Cathedral and the Bazaar'' in which the Linux development model (and the model Eric used for fetchmail) is held up as an example of how to do ``open'' development. By contrast, the model employed by *BSD is often characterized as closed.

The implicit value judgment is that ``bazaar'' (open) is good, and ``cathedral'' (closed) is bad.

If anything, *BSD's development model is probably more akin to the ``bazaar'' that Eric describes than either Linux or fetchmail.

Consider the following;

All the *BSD projects: The current, bleeding edge source code for FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD is available for anyone to download from the Internet, 24 hours a day. You don't need to wait for someone else to roll a release.

FreeBSD, NetBSD: An installable snapshot of the current progress is made every 24 hours. These snapshots can be installed exactly like an ordinary release, and do not require installation over an existing system.

OpenBSD: Installable snapshots are generated as and when people request on the OpenBSD mailing lists.

Contrast this with Linux, where new kernel distributions are made available on an ad-hoc basis, and where the frequency of each Linux distribution release is at the whim of the individual vendor.

There's none of the Linux fanfare every time a new kernel is released, simply because for most *BSD users it is an every day event.
All the *BSD Projects use CVS to maintain their source code.

All the *BSD Projects: make a CVS tree available for anyone to browse and download, 24 hours a day. The tree can be retrieved using Anonymous CVS, CVSup, CVSupit, CTM (by e-mail), or through simple FTP.
Anyone can submit patches, bug reports, documentation, and other contributions. They can do this by using the send-pr program installed on their *BSD system, or by using a web based interface.

Pointers to this system litter the documentation.
Not everyone can commit code changes to the *BSD code. You need to be a committer first. Typically, people are offered ``commit privs'' after they have made a few well-thought out submissions to the project using send-pr or similar.

This is identical to the Linux mechanism. Only one person is (notionally) allowed to change the Kernel, Linus. But specific areas (such as the networking code) are delegated to other people.

Aside: Nik (nik@FreeBSD.ORG) is a case in point. After making several submissions to the FreeBSD Documentation Project and web pages, he was offered ``commit privs'' so that he did not have to keep bothering other committers to commit the changes. He never had to ask for them, they were freely given.

Also, see this article written by Jordan Hubbard in Performance Computing, titled What is FreeBSD?

You cannot make your own distributions or derivative works of *BSD

You can. You just need to say in the documentation and source files where the code is derived from.

For example, PicoBSD is a tailored distribution of FreeBSD that fits on a floppy. It's great for turning a diskless 386 PC into a router or a network print server.

The Whistle Interjet is a ``network appliance'' that acts as a router, web server, mailhost (and other functionality), and can be configured using a web browser. The underlying operating system is FreeBSD, and Whistle have contributed many of their code enhancements back to the FreeBSD project (while keeping enough of them proprietary that they can stay in business).

The OpenBSD project started as a spinoff from the NetBSD project, and has since evolved its own distinctive approach.

*BSD makes a great server, but a poor - (Unix) desktop

+ (&unix;) desktop

*BSD makes a great server. It also makes a great desktop. Many of the requirements for a server (responsiveness under load, stability, effective use of system resources) are the same requirements as for a desktop machine.

*BSD has access to the same desktop tools (KDE, GNOME, windowmanagers) as Linux. And ``office'' applications such as WordPerfect or StarOffice work under BSD's Linux emulation layer.

The BSD codebase is old, outdated, and dying

While the BSD codebase may be more than 20 years old, it is neither outdated or dying. Many professional users like the stability that years of testing has provided FreeBSD.

Technological enhancements continue to be added to *BSD, including, but not limited to;

SMP: Symmetric Multi-Processing, making use of systems with multiple CPUs.
SoftUpdates: Makes the BSD filesystem at least as fast as the Linux filesystem, without needing to enable asynchronous writes, with their associated risk.
VM system: The VM (Virtual Memory) subsystem continues to be refined. The merged VM/cache design helps systems like wcarchive.cdrom.com juggle thousands (literally, more than 10,000) simultaneous FTP connections without falling over.
Architecture ports: Ports of *BSD are under way or already exist on many other architectures, including UltraSPARC, Alpha, and PowerPC. NetBSD and OpenBSD both have more architecture ports than FreeBSD, which is, at the time of writing, running on i386, Alpha and UltraSPARC.

The *BSD projects are at war with one another, splinter groups form each week

No. While occasional advocacy may get a touch heated, the *BSD flavors continue to work with one another. FreeBSD's Alpha port was initially heavily based on the work done by the NetBSD team. Both NetBSD and OpenBSD used the FreeBSD ports collection to bootstrap their own port sets. FreeBSD and NetBSD both integrate security fixes first discovered by the OpenBSD team.

This cooperation extends to the commercial company BSDi, who graciously donated their DOS emulation layer to FreeBSD.

The FreeBSD and NetBSD projects separated more than five years ago. OpenBSD is the only new BSD project to split off in the last five years.

The *BSD projects cooperate in other areas as well. For example, the monthly publication DaemonNews is a collaborative effort by members of all three projects.

You can't cluster *BSD systems (parallel computing)

The following URLs should disprove this;

http://www.epm.ornl.gov/pvm/ The Parallel Virtual Machine is nothing more than a software package that makes setting up a Cluster simple. The source code is freely available, and will run on FreeBSD without much problem.
http://cubix.desy.de/General/bsd/bsd.html
http://acme.ecn.purdue.edu/ Advanced Computer Matrix for Engineering (ACME) which runs the FreeBSD Operating System.
http://www.scl.ameslab.gov/workshops/Talks/Mikler/mikler.html
http://www.scope.gmd.de/info/www6/technical/paper196/paper196.htmlNetBSD for Clusters!
http://www.ccrc.wustl.edu/~milind/MediaServers.html
http://daily.daemonnews.org/view_story.php3?story_id=964 Daemon News Posting, quick talk about Clustering
http://www.scl.ameslab.gov/Projects/ClusterCookbook/index.html

In addition to this, Tom Rhodes is currently writing an article designed to walk a user through setting up a Parallel Computing environment using FreeBSD and other utilities. Keep an eye out for this article in late 2002 early 2003.

There's no commercial support for *BSD

FreeBSD: The FreeBSD Commercial Consulting Page lists companies that offer commercial support for FreeBSD.

The FreeBSD Mall also offer commercial support, along with shirts, hats, books, software, and promotional items.

For training, one might try BSDMall.com, but they sell other items too, like shirts, hats, books and software! Definitely worth a look.

OpenBSD: The OpenBSD Commercial Consulting Page lists companies that offer commercial support for OpenBSD.

There are no applications for *BSD

The free software community started running on predominantly BSD systems(SunOS and similar). *BSD users can generally compile software written for these systems without needing to make any changes.

In addition, each *BSD project uses a ``ports'' system to make the building of ported software much easier.

FreeBSD: There are currently more than 6,000 applications ready to download and install in the FreeBSD ports collection. On both the i386 and Alpha, the Linux emulation layer will also run the vast majority of Linux applications.

NetBSD: The Linux emulation layer will run the vast majority of i386 Linux applications, and the majority of SunOS4 applications can be run on a SPARCStation.

OpenBSD: There are currently slightly more than 400 applications ready to download and install in the OpenBSD ports collection. The Linux emulation layer will also run the vast majority of i386 Linux applications, and the majority of SunOS4 applications can be run on a SPARCStation.

Both NetBSD and OpenBSD are able to use applications in FreeBSD's ports collection with minimal effort. Their lower number of ported applications reflects this.

It is true that most companies when porting to PC Unix will choose Linux first. Fortunately, *BSD's Linux emulation layer will run these programs (Acrobat, StarOffice, Mathematica, WordPerfect, Quake, Intel ICC compiler, Compaq's Alpha compiler ...) with few, if any, problems.

As a historical note, the first version of Netscape Navigator that ran on FreeBSD with Java support was the Linux version. Now you can also use a native FreeBSD version of Mozilla with a native Java plugin, all compiled conveniently from the ports!

*BSD uses the a.out executable format, which is outdated technology

FreeBSD: Quite a while ago (before 1998) FreeBSD used the a.out format by default. There were no pressing reasons to switch earlier. In particular, FreeBSD did not (and does not) have the problems building shared libraries that spurred the Linux conversion from a.out to ELF. As of FreeBSD version 3.0, FreeBSD uses the ELF executable format.

Check out the wonderful article that Tom Rhodes wrote about upgrading an a.out to ELF system, it has information on the way FreeBSD uses a.out and ELF, along with tons of other useful information. The html version can be found here: http://www.Pittgoth.com/~darklogik/aout/article.html, but its also available in the PDF (article.pdf), dvi (article.dvi), postscript (article.ps), sgml (article.sgml), and TeX (article.tex) versions. Just change the extension as appropriate.

*BSD is better than (insert other system)

This is user opinion only.

(insert some other system) is better than *BSD

This is user opinion only

Contributors

Members of the FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD projects have contributed to this page;

Nik Clayton <nik@FreeBSD.ORG>	Jordan Hubbard <jkh@FreeBSD.ORG>
Ian F. Darwin <ian@DarwinSys.com>
Adrian Filipi-Martin <adrian@ubergeeks.com>
Tom Rhodes <trhodes@FreeBSD.org

&footer diff --git a/en/applications.sgml b/en/applications.sgml index a5a37d8f17..76342b0fc6 100644 --- a/en/applications.sgml +++ b/en/applications.sgml @@ -1,147 +1,147 @@ + %includes; ]> &header;

Experience the possibilities with FreeBSD

-
FreeBSD can handle nearly any task you would expect of a UNIX +
FreeBSD can handle nearly any task you would expect of a &unix; workstation, as well as many you might not expect:

FreeBSD is a true open system with full source code.

There is no doubt that so-called open systems are the requirement for today's computing applications. But no commercial vendor-supplied solution is more open than one which includes full source code to the entire operating system, including the kernel and all of the system daemons, programs, and utilities. You can modify any part of FreeBSD to suit your personal, organizational, or corporate needs.

With its generous licensing policy, you can use FreeBSD as the basis for any number of free or commercial applications.

FreeBSD runs thousands of applications.

Because FreeBSD is based on 4.4BSD, an industry-standard version of UNIX, it is easy to compile and run programs. FreeBSD also includes an extensive packages collection and ports collection that bring precompiled and easy-to-build software right to your desktop or enterprise server. There is also a growing number of commercial applications written for FreeBSD.

Here are some examples of the environments in which FreeBSD is used:

Internet services. Many Internet Service Providers (ISPs) find FreeBSD ideal, running WWW, Usenet news, FTP, Email, and other services. Ready-to-run software like the Apache web server or the Wu-ftpd FTP server make it easy to set up a business or community-centered ISP. Of course, with FreeBSD's unbeatable networking, your users will enjoy high speed, reliable services.

X Window workstation. From an inexpensive X terminal to an advanced X display, FreeBSD works quite well. Free X software (XFree86) comes with the system. Xi Graphics offers accelerated X software for high-performance graphics hardware (such as Matrox), as well as the industry standard Motif and OpenGL libraries.

Networking. From packet filtering to routing to name service, FreeBSD can turn any PC into a Internet firewall, email host, print server, PC/NFS server, and more.

Software development. A suite of development tools comes with FreeBSD, including the GNU C/C++ compiler and debugger and the - Perl scripting language. Java and Tcl/Tk development are also + Perl scripting language. &java; and Tcl/Tk development are also possible. Popular editors like XEmacs and more esoteric programming languages like Icon work just fine, too. And FreeBSD's shared libraries have always been easy to make and use.

Net surfing. A real UNIX workstation makes a great Internet surfboard, and the BSD version of Netscape Navigator with Java support runs on FreeBSD. Surf the web, publish your own web pages, read Usenet news, and send and receive email with a FreeBSD system on your desktop.

Education and research. FreeBSD makes an excellent research platform because it includes complete source code. Students and researchers of operating systems or other computer science fields can benefit greatly from such an open and well-documented system.

And much more. Accounting, action games, MIS databases, scientific visualization, video conferencing, Internet relay chat (IRC), home automation, multiuser dungeons, bulletin board systems, image scanning, and more are all real uses for FreeBSD today. If you have an innovative application for FreeBSD, let us know so we can add it to our gallery.

FreeBSD is an operating system that will grow with your needs.

Though FreeBSD is free software, it is also user supported software. Any questions you have can be posted to hundreds of FreeBSD developers and users simply by e-mailing the freebsd-questions@FreeBSD.ORG mailing list.

FreeBSD also has a worldwide group of programmers and writers who fix bugs, add new features and document the system. Support for new devices or special features is an almost constant development process, and the team keeps a special eye out for problems which affect system stability. FreeBSD users are quite proud of not only how fast but how reliable their systems are.

What experts have to say . . .

``FreeBSD handles [our] heavy load quite well and it is nothing short of amazing. Salutations to the FreeBSD team.''

---Mark Hittinger, administrator of WinNet Communications, Inc.

&footer; diff --git a/en/copyright/daemon.sgml b/en/copyright/daemon.sgml index 47b6e9d66d..9f8db83601 100644 --- a/en/copyright/daemon.sgml +++ b/en/copyright/daemon.sgml @@ -1,71 +1,71 @@ - + %includes; ]> &header;

The little red fellow that graces many of these pages is - the BSD Daemon. In the context of Unix systems, daemons + the BSD Daemon. In the context of &unix; systems, daemons are process that run in the background attending to various tasks without human intervention. In the general sense, daemon is an older form of the word demon. In the Unix System Administration Handbook, Evi Nemeth has this to say about daemons:

"Many people equate the word ``daemon'' with the word ``demon,'' implying some kind of Satanic connection between UNIX and the underworld. This is an egregious misunderstanding. ``Daemon'' is actually a much older form of ``demon''; daemons have no particular bias towards good or evil, but rather serve to help define a person's character or personality. The ancient Greeks' concept of a ``personal daemon'' was similar to the modern concept of a ``guardian angel'' --- ``eudaemonia'' is the state of being helped or protected by a kindly spirit. As a rule, UNIX systems seem to be infested with both daemons and demons." (p403)

The earliest (and most popular) renditions of the BSD Daemon were created by John Lasseter. More recent FreeBSD-specific renditions have done by Tatsumi Hosokawa, but the basic inspiration was definitely John's. The copyright holder and creator of the daemon image is Marshall Kirk McKusick. A short pictorial history is also available. There is a gallery of FreeBSD related publications that use variations of the daemon graphic.

Various size stuffed and beanie daemons are available from the FreeBSD Mall . In Europe, German-made stuffed daemons are also available from Liebscher & Partner.

ScotGold produce 1" case badges featuring BSD Daemon.

Permission to use the daemon may be obtained from:

Marshall Kirk McKusick
1614 Oxford St
Berkeley, CA 94709-1608
USA

or via email at mckusick@mckusick.com.

Copyright Home &footer; diff --git a/en/docs.sgml b/en/docs.sgml index 47d2659e15..167f18f45f 100644 --- a/en/docs.sgml +++ b/en/docs.sgml @@ -1,618 +1,618 @@ + %includes; ]> &header;

A wide variety of documentation is available for FreeBSD, on this web site, on other web sites, and available over the counter.

Books available as part of the FreeBSD Project
Articles available as part of the FreeBSD Project
Man pages
Other documentation included in FreeBSD
Books on other sites
Articles on other sites
FreeBSD-related link lists
FreeBSD in the Press
Newsgroups
Additional Resources

On this site

All the documentation on this site can be downloaded in a variety of different formats (HTML, Postscript, PDF, and more) and compression schemes (GZip, BZip2, Zip) from the FreeBSD FTP site.

This documentation is provided and maintained by the FreeBSD Documentation Project, and we are always looking for people to contribute new documentation and maintain existing documentation.

Books

The FreeBSD FAQ (faq)
Frequently Asked Questions, and answers, covering all aspects of FreeBSD.

The FreeBSD Handbook (handbook)
A constantly evolving, comprehensive resource for FreeBSD users.

The FreeBSD Developer's Handbook (developers-handbook)
For people who want to develop software for FreeBSD (and not just people who are developing FreeBSD itself).

The Porter's Handbook (porters-handbook)
Essential reading if you plan on providing a port of a third party piece of software.

Chapter 2 of "The Design and Implementation of the 4.4BSD Operating System" (design-44bsd)
Donated by Addison-Wesley, provides a design overview of 4.4BSD, from which FreeBSD was originally derived.

Chapter 8 of "The FreeBSD Corporate Networker's Guide" (corp-net-guide)
Donated by Addison-Wesley, provides an in-depth look at using FreeBSD to provide printing services to Windows, NT, and Novell hosts.

The FreeBSD Documentation Project Primer for New Contributors (fdp-primer)
Everything you need to know in order to start contributing to the FreeBSD Documentation Project.

Articles

The Roadmap for 5-STABLE (5-roadmap)
Describes medium-term development and release engineering plans leading to the 5-STABLE branch point.

Integration of Checkpoint VPN-1/Firewall-1 and FreeBSD IPsec (checkpoint)
How to configure Checkpoint VPN-1/Firewall-1 and FreeBSD IPsec.

The Committer's Guide (committers-guide)
Introductory information for FreeBSD committers.

Console Server Tutorial (console-server)
How to setup a FreeBSD based console server with a cheap multi-port serial card.

Contributing to FreeBSD (contributing)
How to contribute to the FreeBSD Project.

The List of FreeBSD Contributors (contributors)
A list of organizations and individuals who have helped enhance FreeBSD.

Setting up a CVS repository - The FreeBSD way (cvs-freebsd)
How to set up a CVS repository that uses the same CVSROOT infrastructure as the FreeBSD project.

CVSup Advanced Points (cvsup-advanced)
An article with some tips about the subtleties of CVSup.

Dialup firewalling with FreeBSD (dialup-firewall)
How to set up a firewall using PPP and ipfw over a dialup link with dynamically assigned IP addresses.

Creating a diskless X server (diskless-x)
How to create a diskless X server.

The Euro symbol on FreeBSD (euro)
How to configure FreeBSD and related applications to display the new Euro symbol.

Explaining BSD (explaining-bsd)
An answer to the question ``What is BSD?''

FreeBSD From Scratch (fbsd-from-scratch)
How to automatically compile, install and configure a system from scratch (i.e. to an empty file system), including your favorite ports.

Filtering Bridges (filtering-bridges)
Configuring firewalls and filtering on FreeBSD hosts acting as bridges rather than routers.

Fonts and FreeBSD (fonts)
A description of the various font technologies in FreeBSD, and how to use them with different programs.

Formatting media on FreeBSD (formatting-media)
How to slice, partition, and format fixed and removable media on FreeBSD.

How to get the best results from the FreeBSD-questions mailing list (freebsd-questions)
Tips and tricks to help you maximize the chances of getting useful information from the -questions mailing list.

Working with Hats (hats)
A committer's guide to working with ``hats'' (other committers with authority over specific areas of FreeBSD).

Mirroring FreeBSD (hubs)
The all in one guide for mirroring the FreeBSD website, CVSup servers, FTP servers, and more.

Independent Verification of IPsec Functionality in FreeBSD (ipsec-must)
A method for experimentally verifying IPsec functionality.

Java, and Jakarta Tomcat (java-tomcat)
Information on setting up Java and Jakarta Tomcat on a FreeBSD system.

FreeBSD on Laptops (laptop)
Information about running FreeBSD on a laptop.

An MH Primer (mh)
An introduction to using the MH mail reader on FreeBSD.

Using FreeBSD with other operating systems (multi-os)
How to install FreeBSD alongside one or more different operating systems on the same computer.

FreeBSD First Steps (new-users)
- For people coming to FreeBSD and Unix for the first + For people coming to FreeBSD and &unix; for the first time.

Pluggable Authentication Modules (pam)
A guide to the PAM system and modules under FreeBSD.

FreeBSD Problem Report Handling Guidelines (pr-guidelines)
Recommended practices for handling FreeBSD problem reports.

Writing FreeBSD Problem Reports (problem-reports)
How to best formulate and submit a problem report to the FreeBSD Project.

Programming Tools on FreeBSD
This document has moved into The Developer's Handbook.

PXE booting FreeBSD (pxe)
How to create an Intel PXE server using FreeBSD, and how to configure a FreeBSD client to boot from a PXE server.

FreeBSD Release Engineering (releng)
Describes the approach used by the FreeBSD release engineering team to make production quality releases of the FreeBSD Operating System. It describes the tools available for those interested in producing customized FreeBSD releases for corporate rollouts or commercial productization.

FreeBSD Release Engineering for Third Party Packages (releng-packages)
Describes the approach used by the FreeBSD release engineering team to produce a high quality package set suitable for official FreeBSD release media. This document is a work in progress, but eventually it will cover the process used to build a clean package set on the FreeBSD.org "Ports Cluster", how to configure any other set of machines as a ports cluster, how to split up the packages for the release media, and how to verify that a package set is consistent.

Serial and UART devices (serial-uart)
Detailed information about the use of serial ports on FreeBSD, including several multi-port serial cards.

FreeBSD and Solid State Devices (solid-state)
The use of solid state disk devices in FreeBSD.

Storage Devices (storage-devices)
Detailed information about using storage devices with FreeBSD, including ESDI disks, and SCSI disks, tape drives, and CDROM drives.

Bootstrapping Vinum: A Foundation for Reliable Servers (vinum)
A gentle introduction to failure-resilient servers and step-by-step instructions for building one with Vinum.

Design elements of the FreeBSD VM system (vm-design)
An easy to follow description of the design of the FreeBSD virtual memory system.

Zip-drives and FreeBSD (zip-drive)
How to format, mount, and use an Iomega Zip (SCSI, IDE, or parallel) Drive on FreeBSD.

Manual pages

FreeBSD: For release: 1.0, 1.1, 1.1.5.1, 2.0, 2.0.5, 2.1.0, 2.1.5, 2.1.6.1, 2.1.7.1, 2.2.1, 2.2.2, 2.2.5, 2.2.6, 2.2.7, 2.2.8, 3.0, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5.1, 4.0, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 4.8, 4.x-stable, 5.0, 5.0-current, Ports.
Other Systems: Unix Seventh Edition (V7), 2.8BSD, 2.9.1BSD, 2.10BSD, 2.11BSD, 4.3BSD Reno, NET/2, 386BSD 0.1, 4.4BSD Lite2, HP-UX, Linux, NetBSD, OpenBSD, Darwin, Plan 9, SunOS 4.x, SunOS 5.x, ULTRIX 4.2, and XFree86.

On other web sites

Various independent efforts have also produced a great deal of useful information about FreeBSD.

Books

A Comprehensive Guide to FreeBSD - an attempt at a more readable, "book-like" tutorial explaining the FreeBSD Operating System. Intended for people new to both FreeBSD and UNIX. Currently a work in progress.

Articles

Niels Jorgensen has authored an academic study on the dynamics of the FreeBSD development process: ``Putting it All in the Trunk, Incremental Software Development in the FreeBSD Open Source Project'' [Information Systems Journal (2001) 11, 321-336].
Computer Bits, an Internet online magazine, has, since March 1996, been running an excellent series of FreeBSD related articles in their column titled The Network Community, by Ted Mittelstaedt.

Some of the more popular articles include: Setting up a FreeBSD-based mail server, Network Address Translation, and Building a fax server.

Kirk McKusick, one of the original architects of BSD at U.C. Berkeley, teaches two 4.4BSD Kernel Internals courses using FreeBSD. For those unable to attend the courses in person, a video tape series is also now available.
FreeBSD How-To's for the Lazy and Hopeless is another somewhat more light-hearted attempt to provide more readable "how-to" style information on setting up and configuring FreeBSD.
The Linux+FreeBSD mini-HOWTO describes how to use Linux and FreeBSD on the same system. It introduces FreeBSD and discusses how the two operating systems can cooperate, e.g. by sharing swap space.
Getting started with AMD on FreeBSD
Installing the FreeBSD 2.2.x NTFS (NT filesystem) driver.
Installing the FreeBSD 3.1 NTFS driver.
FreeBSD Installation Details for Newbies. This document has been imported into The FreeBSD Handbook.
Dynamic Kernel Linker (KLD) Facility Programming Tutorial.
How to Write Kernel Drivers with Newbus.
Writing an ISA device driver. This document has been imported into The Developers Handbook.
FreeBSD Assembly Language Programming Tutorial. This document has been imported into The Developers Handbook.
Setting up Split DNS on FreeBSD
Tatsumi Hosokawa's Mobile Computing page is useful for people running FreeBSD 3.X and earlier on laptops.
The SMP support page contains information on the SMP support in FreeBSD 4.X and earlier.
Appendix A from the college textbook Operating Systems Concepts by Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne has been made available online in PDF format. The appendix is dedicated to FreeBSD and offers a good introduction to FreeBSD's internals.

In the real world...

FreeBSD in the Press

Articles in the press about FreeBSD.

Newsgroups

The following newsgroups contain discussion pertinent to FreeBSD users:

comp.unix.bsd.freebsd.announce (moderated)
comp.unix.bsd.freebsd.misc
comp.unix.bsd.misc

Additional resources

Year 2000 Compatibility

The FreeBSD project's current statement about its Year 2000 compatibility.

BSD Real-Quick (TM) Newsletter

A monthly (sometimes bi-weekly) newsletter announcing recent developments in the FreeBSD arena. Subscribe to freebsd-announce to receive this newsletter via e-mail.

The Source Code

If you like digging your fingers into source code, here is a hypertext version of the FreeBSD kernel source. This is brought to you courtesy of Warren Toomey.

Daemon News

The industry leader in BSD news.

Like FreeBSD itself, this documentation is the product of a volunteer effort. The goals of the project are outlined here, as are the procedures for submitting corrections and new material.

The FreeBSD Diary

The FreeBSD Diary is a collection of how-to entries aimed at UNIX novices. The aim is to provide a set of step-by-step guides to installing and configuring various ports.

The O'Reilly Network BSD Dev Center

The BSD Dev Center includes two regular columns on FreeBSD, featuring tips and tutorials.

&footer; diff --git a/en/internet.sgml b/en/internet.sgml index a6fb01f081..371d12a623 100644 --- a/en/internet.sgml +++ b/en/internet.sgml @@ -1,161 +1,161 @@ + %includes; ]> &header;

FreeBSD was designed for the Internet

FreeBSD includes what many consider the reference implementation for TCP/IP software, the 4.4 BSD TCP/IP protocol stack, thereby making it ideal for network applications and the Internet.

FreeBSD supports standard TCP/IP protocols.

-
Like most UNIX systems, the FreeBSD operating system enables you +
Like most &unix; systems, the FreeBSD operating system enables you to

Share filesystems with NFS

Distribute network information with NIS

Support remote logins

Do remote SNMP configuration and management

Serve files with FTP

Resolve Internet hostnames with DNS/BIND

Route packets between multiple interfaces, including PPP and SLIP lines

Use IP Multicast services (the MBONE)

FreeBSD lets you to turn a PC into a World Wide Web server or Usenet news relay with included software. Using the included SAMBA software you can even share filesystems or printers with your Win95 and NT machines and, with the supplied PCNFS authentication daemon, you can support machines running PC/NFS. FreeBSD also supports Appletalk and Novell client/server networking (using an optional commercial package), making it a true "Intranet" networking solution.

FreeBSD also handles TCP extensions like the RFC-1323 high performance extension and RFC-1644 extension for transactions, plus SLIP and dial-on-demand PPP. It is an operating system suitable for a home-based net surfer as well as a corporate systems administrator.

FreeBSD's networking is stable and fast.

If you need an Internet server platform that is reliable and offers the best performance under heavy load, then consider FreeBSD. Here are just a few of the companies that make use of FreeBSD every day:

Walnut Creek CDROM ran one of the most popular FTP servers on the Internet, ftp.cdrom.com, exclusively on FreeBSD for many years. It was a single FreeBSD machine supporting 6000 connections, and capable of transferring more than 30 terabytes (as of June, 1999; yes that is terabytes!) worth of files every month to more than 10 million people.

Yahoo Inc. runs the ultimate index of the Internet, serving scads of daily net surfers with information about the World Wide Web. Yahoo, as well the companies that advertise on Yahoo, rely on FreeBSD to run reliable and responsive web servers.

Netcraft is the leading researcher of web server software usage on the Internet. They use FreeBSD and Apache to power their website, and FreeBSD/Perl for all their Internet data collection.

If that is not enough, visit our Gallery of satisfied FreeBSD users.

FreeBSD makes an ideal platform for these and other Internet services:

Company-wide or world-wide WWW service

Proxy WWW service

Anonymous FTP service

Enterprise file, print and mail services

The FreeBSD ports collection contains ready-to-run software that makes it easy to set up your own Internet server.

High performance and security.

The FreeBSD developers are as concerned about security as they are about performance. FreeBSD includes kernel support for IP firewalling, as well other services, such as IP proxy gateways. If you put your corporate servers on the Internet, any 386 PC (or better) running FreeBSD can act as a network firewall to protect them from outside attack.

Encryption software, secure shells, Kerberos, end-to-end encryption and secure RPC facilities are also available (subject to export restrictions).

Furthermore, the FreeBSD team is proactive in detecting and disseminating security information and bug reports with a security officer and ties to the Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT).

What experts have to say . . .

``FreeBSD ... provides what is probably the most robust and capable TCP/IP stack in existence ...''

---Michael O'Brien, SunExpert August 1996 volume 7 number 8.

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BOOKS
CDROMS
MAGAZINES
NEWSLETTER
PRESS

Here you'll find the covers of many FreeBSD related publications. If you know of any additional FreeBSD publications/CDROMs let us know, at www@FreeBSD.org, so that they may be added to this site.

The FreeBSD Handbook contains a considerably longer bibliography.

Click on any of the graphics to see a larger version.

Books

	A publication from Tatsumi Hosokawa and others. Among computer books, it is a top-seller in Japan and exceeded the sales of Bill Gates' "The Road Ahead" when published (it was #2, this book was #1).
	(Japanese FreeBSD book with 2.0.5, titled "FreeBSD: Fun and easy Installation")
	(Japanese FreeBSD book with 2.0.5, titled "FreeBSD Introductory Kit")
	This is BSDi's "The Complete FreeBSD" with installation guide, manual pages and installation CDs inside.
	This book was recently published (early 1997) in Taiwan. Its title is "FreeBSD: introduction and applications" and the author is Jian-Da Li.
	This is the "Getting Started with FreeBSD" from Fuki-Shuppan. Other than the standard installation guide and Japanese environment, it emphasizes system administration and low-level information (such as the boot process, etc.) FreeBSD-2.2.2R and XFree86-3.2 on CDROM. 264 pages, 3,400 yen.
	The "Personal Unix Starter Kit - FreeBSD" from ASCII. Includes - history of Unix, a guide to build a Japanese documentation + history of &unix;, a guide to build a Japanese documentation processing system and how to create ports. 2.1.7.1R and XFree86-3.2 in CDROM. 384 pages, 3,000 yen.
	BSD mit Methode, M. Schulze, B. Roehrig, M. Hoelzer und andere, C&L Computer und Literatur Verlag, 1998, 850 pages. 2 CDROMs, FreeBSD 2.2.6, NetBSD 1.2.1 and 1.3.2, OpenBSD 2.2 and 2.3. DM 98,-.
	This is the "FreeBSD Install and utilization manual" from Mainichi Communications. General introduction to FreeBSD from installation to utilization with troubleshooting under the supervision of the user group in Japan. 2.2.7-RELEASE FreeBSD(98)2.2.7-Rev01 PAO and distfiles in CDROM. 472 pages, 3,600yen.
	The "FreeBSD User's Reference Manual" from Mainichi Communications, under the supervision of "jpman project", the manual translation project by the user group in Japan. Japanese edition of the section 1 of the FreeBSD manual. 2.2.7-RELEASE FreeBSD(98)2.2.7-Rev01 and PAO in CDROM. 1,040 pages, 3,800yen.
	The "FreeBSD System Administrator's Manual" from Mainichi Communications, under the supervision of "jpman project", the manual translation project by the user group in Japan. Japanese edition of the section 5 and 8 of the FreeBSD manual. 756 pages, 3,300yen.
	This is "About FreeBSD" from Youngjin.com. It is first FreeBSD book in Korea, and covers several topics from installation to Korean environment. 3.5.1-RELEASE/PAO and 4.1-RELEASE in 3 CDROMs. 788 pages, 26,000 won.
	Onno W Purbo, Dodi Maryanto, Syahrial Hubbany, Widjil Widodo: Building Internet Server with FreeBSD (in Indonesia Language), published by Elex Media Komputindo, 2000.
	The FreeBSD Handbook 1st Edition is a comprehensive FreeBSD Tutorial and reference. It covers installation, day-to-day use of FreeBSD, and much more. April 2000, BSDi. ISBN 1-57176-241-8
	The Complete FreeBSD with CDs, 3rd Ed, FreeBSD 4.2. Everything you ever wanted to know about how to get your computer up and running FreeBSD. Includes 4 CDs containing the FreeBSD operating system! Released: November 2000 ISBN: 1-57176-246-9
	The FreeBSD Handbook 2nd Edition is a comprehensive FreeBSD Tutorial and reference. It covers installation, day-to-day use of FreeBSD, and much more. November 2001, Wind River Systems. ISBN 1-57176-303-1
	"The FreeBSD Corporate Networker's Guide" Mittelstaedt, Ted. Addison Wesley, 2000. There are two printings: the first has disk 1 of FreeBSD 4.2, the second has disk 1 of FreeBSD 4.4. 400 pages. The Japanese translation was published in 2001. The Networker's Guide covers integration of FreeBSD into typical corporate networks with special emphasis on interoperation with Windows 95/98/ME/NT/2K. English version: 2000, Addison Wesley. ISBN 0-201-70481-1 Japanese version: 2001, Pearson Education Japan. ISBN 4-89471-464-7
	"FreeBSD, An Open-Source Operating System for Your Personal Computer", Annelise Anderson. An introduction to FreeBSD for users new to both FreeBSD and UNIX. This book includes a 4.4 installation CD-ROM and covers everything you need to know about installation of the system and third-party software; getting sound, X Window, your network, and printing working; building your own kernel; and upgrading. Second Edition. December 2001, The Bit Tree Press. ISBN 0-9712045-1-9
	Absolute BSD. This book discusses management of FreeBSD-based servers in high-performance enterprise environments. June 2002, No Starch Press. ISBN 1-886411-74-3

CDROMs

For more about recent releases go to FreeBSD release information page.

	This is InfoMagic's BSDisc, containing FreeBSD 2.0 and NetBSD 1.0 on a single CD. This is the only example I have which had cover art.
	This is the original 4.4 BSD Lite2 release from UC Berkeley, the core technology behind much of FreeBSD.
	The first of Laser5's "BSD" series. Contains FreeBSD-2.0.5R, NetBSD-1.0, XFree86-3.1.1 and FreeBSD(98) kernel.
	The second of Laser5's "BSD" series. From this version, the CDs come in a standard jewel box. Contains FreeBSD-2.1R, NetBSD-1.1, XFree86-3.1.2 and 3.1.2A, and FreeBSD(98) kernel (2.0.5).
	This is the Laser5 Japanese edition of the FreeBSD CDROM. It is a 4 CD set.
	This is the only FreeBSD CD Pacific Hitech produced before merging their product line with that of Walnut Creek CDROM. PHT now also produces the FreeBSD/J (Japanese) CD product.
	This is the cover disc from the Korean magazine. Note the creative cover art! The CD contains the FreeBSD 2.2.1 release with some local additions.
	This is it - the very first FreeBSD CD published! Both the FreeBSD Project and Walnut Creek CDROM were fairly young back then, and you'll probably have little difficulty in spotting the differences in production quality between then and now.
	This was the second FreeBSD CD published by Walnut Creek CDROM and also the very last on the 1.x branch (ref USL/Novell lawsuit and settlement). The next release, FreeBSD 1.1.5, was only available on the net.
	This unusual CD is something of a collector's item now given that almost all existing examples were systematically tracked down and destroyed. An artwork mishap has this CD dated for the wrong year, and on the spine "January" is also misspelled as "Jaunary", just to increase the embarrassment factor. Ah, the perils of turning in one's artwork just hours before leaving for a trade show.
	This is the fixed-up version of the FreeBSD 2.0 CD. Note that the color scheme has even been changed in the corrected version, something unusual for a fixup and perhaps done to distance it from the earlier mistake.
	The FreeBSD 2.0.5 release CD. This was the first CD to feature Tatsumi Hosokawa's daemon artwork.
	The FreeBSD 2.1 release CD. This was the first CD release on the 2.1 branch (the last being 2.1.7).
	The FreeBSD 2.1.5 release CD.
	The FreeBSD 2.1.6 release CD.
	The Japanese version of 2.1.6. This was the first and last Japanese localized version published by WC, responsibility for that product then transitioning to a team led by Tatsumi Hosokawa and sponsored by Pacific Hitech and Laser5.
	The FreeBSD 2.1.7 release CD. Also the last CD released on the 2.1.x branch. Done primarily as a security fixup for 2.1.6
	An early release SNAPshot of 2.2 (done before 2.2.1 was released).
	The FreeBSD 2.2.1 release CD. This was the first CD on the 2.2 branch.
	The FreeBSD 2.2.2 release CD.
	The FreeBSD 3.0 snapshot CD.
	The FreeBSD mailing list and newsgroup archives, turned into HTML and semi-indexed by thread. This product ran for 2 releases and then stopped with a thud once it became obvious that there was simply too much data to deal with on one CD. Perhaps when DVD becomes more popular...
	FreeBSD Toolkit: Six disc set of resources to make your FreeBSD experience more enriching.
	FreeBSD Alpha 4.2 - The full version of the DEC Alpha 64-bit UNIX operating system.
	FreeBSD 4.2: The full version of the PC 32-bit UNIX operating system.
	FreeBSD 4.2 CD-ROM. Lehmanns CD-ROM Edition. January 2001, 4 CD-ROMs. Lehmanns Fachbuchhandlung. Germany. ISBN 3-931253-72-4.
	FreeBSD 4.3 RELEASE CDROM. April 2001, Wind River Systems. ISBN 1-57176-300-7.
	FreeBSD Toolkit: Six disc set of resources to make your FreeBSD experience more enriching. June 2001, Wind River Systems. ISBN 1-57176-301-5.
	FreeBSD 4.4 CD-ROM. Lehmanns CD-ROM Edition. November 2001, 6 CD-ROMs in Jewelcase. Lehmanns Fachbuchhandlung. Germany. ISBN 3-931253-84-8.
	FreeBSD 4.4 RELEASE CDROM. Wind River Systems. September 2001. ISBN 1-57176-304-X.
	FreeBSD 4.5 RELEASE CDROM. February 2002, FreeBSD Mall Inc. ISBN 1-57176-306-6.

Magazines

	Cover of Korean UNIX magazine, May 1997 issue. Also included FreeBSD 2.2.1 with cover CDs.
	UNIX User Magazine November 1996 issue. Also included FreeBSD 2.1.5 on cover CD.
	This is the "FreeBSD Full Course" special in April 1997's Software Design (published by Gijutsu Hyoron Sha). There are 80 pages of FreeBSD articles covering everything from installation to tracking -current.
	Quality Unix for FREE, by Brett Glass in Sm@rt Reseller Online September 1998
	This is the "BSD magazine" published by ASCII corporation, the world's first publication specialized in BSD. BSD magazine covers FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD and BSD/OS. The premiere issue features articles on the history of BSD, installation, and Ports/Packages; it also includes 4 CD-ROMs containing FreeBSD 3.2-RELEASE, NetBSD 1.4.1 and OpenBSD 2.5.

Newsletters

	This is issue #1 of the FreeBSD Newsletter, published and distributed free of charge by Walnut Creek CDROM.
	This is issue #2 of the FreeBSD Newsletter, published and distributed free of charge by Walnut Creek CDROM.

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Mailing lists
Newsgroups
IRC
WEB Resources
Problem Report Database
CVS Repository
User Groups
FreeBSD Development Projects
FreeBSD Security Guide
Commercial Consulting Services
General Unix Information
General &unix; Information
The X Window System
Hardware
Related Operating System Projects

Mailing lists

Mailing lists are the primary support channel for FreeBSD users, with numerous mailing lists covering different topic areas. When in doubt about what list to post a question to, post to freebsd-questions@FreeBSD.ORG. You can browse or search the mailing list archives at www.FreeBSD.org.

To get an up to the minute view of the mailing lists available or to subscribe to a mailing list, use FreeBSD.org's Mailman web interface. All mailman lists are available in a digest format and have threaded archives available. See the individual list's web page for details.

Several non-English mailing lists are also available:

Brazilian Portuguese -- listproc@br.FreeBSD.org
Traditional Chinese -- WWW, Big5 encoding.
Simplified Chinese -- majordomo@cn.FreeBSD.org, GB2312 encoding.
Czech -- majordomo@FreeBSD.cz
German -- majordomo@de.FreeBSD.org or WWW.
French -- listserver@FreeBSD-fr.org or WWW.
Hungarian -- majordomo@hu.FreeBSD.org
Indonesian -- id-freebsd-subscribe@egroups.com
Italian -- minimalist@gufi.org or WWW.
Japanese -- majordomo@jp.FreeBSD.org or WWW.
Korean -- majordomo@kr.FreeBSD.org or WWW.
Netherlands -- majordomo@nl.FreeBSD.org.
Polish -- majordomo@pap.waw.pl
Slovakian -- majordomo@sk.FreeBSD.org
Spanish -- majordomo@es.FreeBSD.org

If you create other FreeBSD mailing lists, let us know about them.

Newsgroups

There are a few FreeBSD specific newsgroups, along with numerous other newsgroups on topics of interest to FreeBSD users, though the mailing lists remain the most reliable way to get in touch with the FreeBSD developers. For miscellaneous FreeBSD discussion, see comp.unix.bsd.freebsd.misc. For important announcements, see comp.unix.bsd.freebsd.announce.

The BSD Usenet News Searcher have archives of all BSD-related Usenet newsgroups from June 1992 onwards.

IRC

While #freebsd channels exist on various IRC networks, the FreeBSD project does not control them or endorse IRC as a support medium. You may be ignored, insulted, or kicked out if you ask questions on any channel in IRC, though you may have slightly better luck in channels named #freebsdhelp where such exist. If you want to try these or any other channels on IRC, it is nonetheless at your own risk and any complaints about conduct on those channels should not be directed to the FreeBSD project. See also the FAQ entry for more information.

WEB Resources

Our WEB pages remain one of the best sources of information, and are also mirrored at many sites around the world. Try connecting to www.yourcountry.FreeBSD.org (e.g. www.de.FreeBSD.org for Germany or www.au.FreeBSD.org for Australia), or select a mirror from the list below. The same naming convention is also used for FTP servers.
For information on recent FreeBSD progress and releases, see the Newsflash page.

Problem Report Database

Current FreeBSD problem reports are tracked using the GNATS database.

A FreeBSD problem report (PR) is not necessarily a bug with FreeBSD itself. In some cases it may be reporting a mistake in the documentation (which could be a simple typo). In other cases it may be a 'wishlist' item that the submitter would like to see incorporated in to FreeBSD. In many cases a PR contains a port which has been prepared for inclusion in the FreeBSD Ports and Packages collection.

Problem reports start 'open', and are closed as the issue they report is resolved. In addition, each PR is assigned a unique tracking ID to ensure that it is not lost. Many FreeBSD changes include the tracking ID of the PR that prompted the change.

Problem reports may also be submitted to the development team using the send-pr(1) command on a FreeBSD system, or by sending an email message to freebsd-bugs@FreeBSD.ORG. Please note that send-pr is preferred since messages sent to the mailing list are not tracked as official problem reports, and may get lost in the noise!

Before submitting a problem report, you might find it useful to read the Writing FreeBSD Problem Reports article. This article describes when you should submit a problem report, what you are expected to include in one, and what the best way to submit your problem report is. Some useful background information is also contained in the Problem Report Handling Guidelines article.

CVS Repository

CVS (the Concurrent Version System) is the tool we use for keeping our sources under control. Every change (with accompanying log message explaining its purpose) from FreeBSD 2.0 to the present is stored here, and can be easily viewed from here (click on the link). To obtain a complete copy of the FreeBSD CVS repository or any of the development branches inside it, you may choose any one of following options:

cvsup if you are looking for on-demand, low overhead access using a custom utility (written in Modula-3 no less).
anoncvs if you are looking for on-demand access that has higher overhead than cvsup (in terms of wall time and bytes transferred) but is easier to use for checking out small pieces of the tree and requires nothing more than the cvs tools already bundled with FreeBSD.
CTM if you are looking for very low overhead, batch-mode access (basically, patches through email).
The web interface if you are looking to simply browse the repository in search of a specific change or file revision.
Finally, if you have got bandwidth to burn or you prefer / are forced to use FTP, you can simply mirror the CVS repository from ftp.FreeBSD.org.

Mirrors of the CVS Repository cgi script are available in Germany, Japan, Portugal, San Marino, Spain, USA/California and Ukraine.

User Groups

FreeBSD's widespread popularity has spawned a number of user groups around the world. If you know of a FreeBSD user group not listed here, let us know about it.

Australia

New South Wales. The BSD Users Group, Sydney (BUGS) meets in Sydney every two months and has mailing list members from all over NSW. To join the mailing list send a message to majordomo@bugs.au.FreeBSD.org with subscribe bugs in the body of the message.
Queensland. The Home Unix Users Group for Brisbane meets fortnightly at meeting rooms provided by the University of Queensland. More information, including how to join the mailing lists, is available at http://www.humbug.org.au
South Australia. BUGA, the BSD User Group of Adelaide, meets at irregular intervals. Join the mailing list by sending a message to majordomo@lemis.com with the text subscribe BUGA in the body.
Victoria. Victoria's FreeBSD Users Group (VicFUG) is based in Melbourne. You can join the mailing list by sending an empty message to general-subscribe@vicfug.au.FreeBSD.org
West Australia. Pandaemonium, the BSD Users Group for Western Australia.

Europe

Austria. The BSD User Group Austria (BUGAT) is german-language oriented user group. Visit our server for more information.
Berlin, Germany BSD Berlin is a new formed BSD user group in Berlin, Germany. There are no regular meetings yet, please contact Danny Koenig for more information.
Denmark BSD-DK. The Danish BSD user group. Promotion and support of BSD derived Operating Systems in Denmark. Mailing lists, lectures and workshops. Send mail subscription requests to bsd-dk-request@bsd-dk.dk.
Duisburg, Germany The Cosmo-Project is a user group with a difference. Instead of just meeting, they actively develop projects such as robots. Most users use FreeBSD, but it is not a specifically FreeBSD-related group.
France The French FreeBSD UG. Please follow the link for details.
Frankfurt, Germany FrankfurtBSD is a user group for the Rhein-Main area. We are currently looking for new members. As soon as we have grown larger, we would like to meet monthly and maintain minor projects.
Hamburg, Germany The BSDHH (BSD User Group Hamburg) meets on the first Wednesday of the month at 7.00pm in the Chinese restaurant Lotosbl�te, L�wenstra�e 22 in Hamburg-Eppendorf. Most members are FreeBSD users, although users of all BSD flavors are welcome.
Ireland The BUGI (BSD User Group Ireland) is currently a rather grandiose term for a mailing list and super-minimal web page. All BSD users and enthusiasts are welcome.
Italia The GUFI (Gruppo Utenti FreeBSD Italia) is an "italian powered" FreeBSD User Group. It is intended to help Italian FreeBSD users to find support and articles on/about FreeBSD in the Italian language. Please follow this link to know more about us.
Köln (Cologne), Germany The CBUG (Cologne BSD Usergroup) caters to BSD users in the Köln area. At the moment, there are no regular meetings. Please check the website for news.
Lublin, Poland The Lublin BSD Users Group. Please follow the link for details.
Lund, Sweden The Lund Linux User Group (LFUG) has nearly 50 members and covers FreeBSD and Solaris in addition to Linux. To join, contact Omar Dedovic
Manchester, UK The Manchester BSD Users Group meets reasonably often in the Lass O'Gowrie, on Charles Street, Manchester. Contact Sam Smith for more information.
Mannheim, Germany The UUGRN eV (Unix Users Group Rhein-Neckar eV) provides a regional forum for users of all Unix flavors, with a stress on Linux and BSD. Meetings are held on the second Thursday of each month at the "Hafenschenke" in Mannheim and the fourth Wednesday of each month at the "Vater Rhein" in Heidelberg.
M�nchen (Munich), Germany The BIM (Berkeley In Munich) group caters for users of BSD-based systems in Oberbayern.
The Netherlands. The Dutch FreeBSD User Group (NLFUG) has had its first meeting on oct 2, 1999. On this day 30 years before that, the second IMP was installed in Doug Englebart's lab at SRI. This, as you all know, was the start of something that grew to be the Internet (thanks to Edwin Kremer for bringing this under our attention).
Norway The Norwegian BSD User Group (NOBUG) is a usergroup for BSD users and enthusiasts in Norway. Meetings are currently held in Oslo and Bergen. Visit our website for more information. There is also a UNIX User Group (NUUG) with more regular meetings, sometimes even with a BSD subject.
Amadora, Portugal The Portuguese *BSD Users Group is a user group for Portuguese users of BSD operating systems. Contact Rui Pereira ptbsd@yahoo.com for more information.
Regensburg, Germany The Unix and Linux User Group is a general Unix users group for anyone in Regensburg (Bavaria, Germany). We meet on every first Monday of the month in the Pub ``Filmb�hne'' in Regensburg. Visit the web site or send a message to m.suess@2use.org.
Romania The ROFUG (Romanian FreeBSD Users Group/Free Unix Group) is a user group for the Romanian users of FreeBSD and open-source in general, promoting and supporting FreeBSD and open source usage. To join the mailing lists, send an email to listar@rofug.ro with subscribe rofug and/or subscribe rofug-announce in the body of the message.
Sweden The BSD Users Sweden (BUS) maintains a mailing list. To join, send mail to majordomo@stacken.kth.se with subscribe bus in the message.
Turkey The Turkish FreeBSD Users Group (T�rkiye FreeBSD Kullanicilari Grubu) was founded in September 1999. TFUG is intended to help Turkish FreeBSD users to find support and articles on and about FreeBSD in the Turkish language. Contact M. Guven Mucuk for more info.
Ukraine The Ukrainian FreeBSD User Group (UAFUG) is Russian/Ukrainian languages oriented user group for the Ukrainian users of BSD-derivatives, promoting and supporting BSD flavours and open source usage. The UAFUG has had its first meeting on 2 June 2002 and meets every 2-3 weeks. We also provide an open forum for all BSD-related things in the Russian and Ukrainian languages (though we can read/write in English as well). To join the mailing list send a message to majordomo@FreeBSDDiary.org.ua with subscribe freebsd in the body of the message. Check the link above for more information.
United Kingdom The FreeBSD UKUG (FreeBSD UK User's Group) exists for the benefit of FreeBSD users in the United Kingdom. Please follow the link for details.
Yugoslavia The Yugoslavia BSD Users Group provides an open forum for all things BSD-related in the Serbian language. To join the mailing list, send an email to majordomo@bsd.org.yu with subscribe bsdyu in the body of the message.

North America

Ames, Iowa The Ames Free-Unix Group aims to promote the use of Free Unix. We meet on the campus of Iowa State University once a month and hold a presentation with an open question and answer session afterwards. You can join our mailing list by sending a blank email to aafugit-subscribe@aafugit.org.
Berkeley, CA The Berkeley Unix User Group is a general Unix users group for anyone in the San Francisco Bay Area. We meet on a weekly basis in downtown Berkeley. Visit the web site or send a message to buug-request@weak.org with subscribe in the body.
Chicago IL The Chicago FreeBSD Users Group (ChiFUG).
The Connecticut Free Unix user's Group (CFUG) is devoted to free Unix, but has resources for almost all Unixen. Their area of operation is Connecticut and Western Massachusetts. More information can be found at http://www.cfug.org.
The Houston TX Houston FreeBSD Users Group was formed March 1999. Our goal is to promote and educate Houston area computer users on FreeBSD Unix. We meet on the third Saturday of the month. The group operates a mailing list at http://www.houfug.org/mailman/listinfo/hou-freebsd Visit our website at http://www.houfug.org for more information.
Indianapolis IN Free Unix for Indianapolis is a non-profit organization dedicated to encouraging the use of Free Unix variants in and around Indianapolis. Essentially, we are a bunch of geeks who share a common passion: Unix. Visit the web site or send a message to info@fufin.org for additional information.
Kansas KULUA (Kansas Unix & Linux Users Association) is a Free Unix user group based in Lawrence, Kansas, but with users throughout eastern Kansas and western Missouri. We have about 120 members and meet biweekly. Visit the web site or email kulua@kulua.org for more information.
Kansas Wichita Area FreeBSD Users Group (WAFUG) is a free users group provided to anyone in the Wichita area for support with FreeBSD and other Unix and Unix-like operating systems. We meet twice a month, usually in a restaraunt where you can smoke or drink if you like. Please send us Email for more information or to find out how to get free shell account, www or ftp space on our system.
Los Angeles CA The Yahoo Club group is a foundation for a Los Angeles based BSD user group.
Minneapolis/St. Paul, MN TCBUG: The Twin Cities BSD User Group meets once a month to discuss issues important to the BSD community. The website carries our major announcements, while you are encouraged to join the mailing list tcbug@tcbug.org to keep up with general group discussion. Look at the site, join the mailing list, come to a meeting. We look forward to learning from you and with you about BSD UNIX.
New Mexico The NMLUG in Albuquerque meets once a month and supports both BSD and Linux users. To join the mailing list, send a message to majordomo@swcp.com with subscribe nmlug in the body.
New Orleans LA The New Orleans *BSD User Group meets twice a month. Contact Konrad Rzeszutek for more details. A web page will be posted soon.
New York NY D'Artagnan's FreeBSD Users Group.
Northern Arizona Yavapai Free Unix Users Group is now forming for *BSD/Linux, etc., users in Northern Arizona. Please contact Russell Carter ( rcarter@consys.com) for details.
Orlando, FL BUGO (BSD Users Group of Orlando) is a group based in Orlando, FL that aims to bring a friendly forum to all Unix users in the central Florida area, and hopefully beyond. See the BUGO web page for further details.
Phoenix AZ The Phoenix BSD Users group is fully open for business. Anyone from the Phoenix area please feel free to join in http://bsd.phoenix.az.us.
Portland, OR The Portland (Oregon) FreeBSD Users group meets on the third Thursday of each month. Mail Rick Hamell.
The Reno NV RUUG (Reno Unix Users Group) meets monthly in Reno Nevada and discusses the use of FreeBSD and Linux. Contact Eric Blood or Todd Crenshaw for more information.
Research Triangle, NC The Triangle Area BSD Users Group is a users group for BSD users in the Research Triangle Park area of North Carolina, including the surrounding metropolitan areas of Raleigh, Durham, and Chapel Hill. People interested in this group may subscribe to the mailing list by sending a message to majordomo@tribug.org with subscribe tribug-members in the body.
Rhode Island The Rhode Island Free Unix Group supports every form of Unix that can be obtained freely. They can be contacted at: http://users.tmok.com/~rifug or by e-mail at: rifug@entropy.tmok.com
St. Louis, MO The St. Louis BSD User Group (STLBSD) has just formed on July 20, 2000 to promote BSD operating systems in the St. Louis area. We have strong ties to the 10 year old St. Louis Unix Users Group (SLUUG) and expect to be a positive force within our community. Our membership is open to anyone interested in learning more about BSD, several mailing lists are available through our website.
San Diego, California San Diego BSD Users Group for users of FreeBSD, OpenBSD and NetBSD. The meeting is first Thursday of every month at Borders Bookstore in Mission Valley Shopping Center. More information can be found here
North San Francisco Bay Area The BABUG (Bay Area BSD Users Group) has monthly meetings, alternating between San Francisco and Berkeley. Those interested in attending should visit the web site or send mail to the BABUG Web Master
Silicon Valley, CA The SVBUG (Silicon Valley BSD User Group), a forum for BSD and BSD embedded systems, meets on the First Thursday of the month. Meetings are held at the Carl's Jr. on First Street and Trimble Road in San Jose, California. For details on event or what is going on visit the website or send a message to webmaster@svbug.com.
East Texas The Unix Users of Deep East Texas is dedicated to all things Unix. This group is open to users of all flavors of Unix. We meet on the last Saturday of the month at the Angelina County Court House. See the web page for details, or send email to admin@uudet.org.
The Tampa Florida users group is now being formed. Interested parties can join the mailing list by sending mail to bsd-tug-request@bangheadhere.org with subscribe in the body.
Greater Toronto Area, Ontario: The GTABUG usergroup welcomes all BSD users. Monthly meetings give attendees a chance to share ideas, discussion, and information. Installathons and other events help preach the good news of BSD to the community. Come drop by for a meeting!
Tucson AZ TFUG: Tucson Free Unix Group, Arizona.
Utah SLLUG-BUG is a BSD Unix User Group affiliated with the Salt Lake Linux User Group (SLLUG). We meet in concert with SLLUG, since the BSD and Linux communities have so much in common. We meet on the third Wednesday of each month, check the web page for details.
Vancouver, BC The VanBUG (Vancouver BSD Users Group) is a group of volunteers who are passionate about FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD. Their current goal is to raise awareness and also provide local assistance as much as we can.
Washington DC (DC Metropolitan Area) FreeBSD User Group. Please contact Richard Cramer, Sytex Access Ltd. at 703-425-2515, or preferred, email at rcramer@sytex.net to be put on a member distribution list.
Wichita, Kansas: A new FreeBSD users group has been created in Wichita, Ks. We are fairly new and working on our site, but we wanted to get it up as soon as we had it available. We do not currently meet. Visit our site http://wafug.dynip.com or E-mail the group organizer (ben177@yahoo.com) for more information!
Windsor, Ontario The Windsor Unix Users Group (Windsor, Ontario, Canada) covers BSD, Solaris, SCO, and others. This is not specifically a FreeBSD user group, but we do already have members running FreeBSD. The group operates a mailing list (wuug-list@unixpower.org). More information can be found at http://www.wuug.org/.
Wisconsin FreeBSD-Milwaukee Wisconsin meets occasionally and has a mailing list: freebsd-mke-l@ns.sol.net. send mail to freebsd-mke-l-request@ns.sol.net to subscribe.

Rest of the world

Colombia Visit http://www.bsdcolombia.org for the FreeBSD User Group Colombia.
Ibaraki, Japan The Daibou East *BSD Users Group (DEBUG) is now forming for *BSD users in Tsukuba area.
Indonesia The Jogja FreeBSD Users' Group is based in Yogyakarta City, Indonesia. Send email to 22961476@students.ukdw.ac.id for more information.
Israel The Israeli BSD Users Group is an effort to promote the use of *BSD throughout the country, and to act as a center of information for all BSD users. It is currently run by FreeBSD users, but all users of BSD variants are welcome aboard. We have a mailing list, hosted at bsd-il@osem.co.il. To subscribe, simply send mail to majordomo@osem.co.il, with the line "subscribe bsd-il" as the message body.
Kansai, Japan The Kansai *BSD User's Group, K*BUG (sorry for Japanese only), was established on November 13, 1999. It is expected to promote communication of any of the BSD variants' users. Some of its activities are to hold friendly parties of the members, and to hold seminars covering wide variety of topics. Please mail here ( kbug-admin@kbug.gr.jp ).
Malaysia The MyBSD Malaysia Project is a Kuala Lumpur based usergroup for BSD users and open-source in general, promoting and supporting FreeBSD, OpenBSD, NetBSD and open source usage. We meet once a month, usually at Universiti Malaya or Restaurant Bahadur Shah. One of our projects is to develop a Unix file manager. Visit our website or contact info@MyBSD.org.my for more information.
Malaysia/ The BSD Malaysia web pages aim to be a central site for users of *BSD UNIX variants (including FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD). BSD support forums, technical BSD-related articles, and recent news items are published online. Both English and Malaysian can be used as the language on this site.
Mexico FreeBSD Mexico is a spanish oriented user group not only for people in Mexico but also in other spanish speaking countries. Please contact Alejandro Acosta for more information.
New Zealand The New Zealand FreeBSD User's group is located in Wellington. No meetings have been scheduled yet.
Niigata, Japan The Echigo BSD Users Group (EBUG) is the users group for BSD users around Echigo (aka Niigata). For more information on our events and mailing lists, please check the EBUG web site.
Brazil The FUG-BR (Brazilian FreeBSD User Group) is a Portuguese language oriented user group intended to help Brazilian FreeBSD users to find support and articles on and about FreeBSD in the Portuguese language. We keeps some projects such as the "FreeBSD LiveCD". Currently the group has 600 members and our maillist has an average traffic of 80 messages per day. To join FUG-BR mailing list, visit http://www2.fugspbr.org/mailman/listinfo/fugspbr.

FreeBSD Development Projects

In addition to the mainstream development path of FreeBSD, a number of developer groups are working on the cutting edge to expand FreeBSD's range of applications in new directions.

FreeBSD Security Guide

Security resources available to FreeBSD users: PGP Key for Security Officers, advisories, patches and mailing lists.

Commercial Consulting Services

Whether you are just starting out with FreeBSD, or need to complete a large project, a consultant or two might be your answer.

General Unix Information

General &unix; Information

The Unix Reference Desk by Jennifer Myers
Unix Guru Universe
O'Reilly & Associates, Inc.
Unix Power

The X Window System

The XFree86 Project provides users of a variety of Intel based Unix systems, including FreeBSD, with an excellent X Window system.
The WINE project is working to - provide the ability to run MS-Windows software on Intel based Unix + provide the ability to run Microsoft Windows® software on Intel based Unix systems such as FreeBSD, NetBSD and Linux.

Hardware

The comp.answers pc-hardware-faq is a great reference for people building their own machines.
Laptop users looking for PC Card (aka PCMCIA) support under FreeBSD 2.2.X and 3.X should see the PAO distribution page for laptop support (FreeBSD 4.X and higher are provided with laptop support).
Intel Secrets -- What Intel Doesn't Want You To Know - lots of information about Intel chips.
Aad Offerman's Chip List - reference material on chips used in PC clones.
ASUS makes motherboards that work well with FreeBSD.

Related Operating System Projects

NetBSD is another free 4.4BSD-Lite based operating system which runs on several different architectures.
OpenBSD is another 4.4BSD derivative.
Linux is another free Unix-like system.
Lites is a 4.4 BSD Lite based server and emulation library that provides free Unix functionality to a Mach based system.
The GNU HURD project is another effort to develop a free Unix-like operating system.

&footer; diff --git a/en/usergroups.sgml b/en/usergroups.sgml index 7a0480daf1..b822c253ff 100644 --- a/en/usergroups.sgml +++ b/en/usergroups.sgml @@ -1,1059 +1,1059 @@ + %includes; ]> &header;

Mailing lists
Newsgroups
IRC
WEB Resources
Problem Report Database
CVS Repository
User Groups
FreeBSD Development Projects
FreeBSD Security Guide
Commercial Consulting Services
General Unix Information
General &unix; Information
The X Window System
Hardware
Related Operating System Projects

Mailing lists

Several non-English mailing lists are also available:

Brazilian Portuguese -- listproc@br.FreeBSD.org
Traditional Chinese -- WWW, Big5 encoding.
Simplified Chinese -- majordomo@cn.FreeBSD.org, GB2312 encoding.
Czech -- majordomo@FreeBSD.cz
German -- majordomo@de.FreeBSD.org or WWW.
French -- listserver@FreeBSD-fr.org or WWW.
Hungarian -- majordomo@hu.FreeBSD.org
Indonesian -- id-freebsd-subscribe@egroups.com
Italian -- minimalist@gufi.org or WWW.
Japanese -- majordomo@jp.FreeBSD.org or WWW.
Korean -- majordomo@kr.FreeBSD.org or WWW.
Netherlands -- majordomo@nl.FreeBSD.org.
Polish -- majordomo@pap.waw.pl
Slovakian -- majordomo@sk.FreeBSD.org
Spanish -- majordomo@es.FreeBSD.org

If you create other FreeBSD mailing lists, let us know about them.

Newsgroups

The BSD Usenet News Searcher have archives of all BSD-related Usenet newsgroups from June 1992 onwards.

IRC

WEB Resources

Our WEB pages remain one of the best sources of information, and are also mirrored at many sites around the world. Try connecting to www.yourcountry.FreeBSD.org (e.g. www.de.FreeBSD.org for Germany or www.au.FreeBSD.org for Australia), or select a mirror from the list below. The same naming convention is also used for FTP servers.
For information on recent FreeBSD progress and releases, see the Newsflash page.

Problem Report Database

Current FreeBSD problem reports are tracked using the GNATS database.

CVS Repository

cvsup if you are looking for on-demand, low overhead access using a custom utility (written in Modula-3 no less).
anoncvs if you are looking for on-demand access that has higher overhead than cvsup (in terms of wall time and bytes transferred) but is easier to use for checking out small pieces of the tree and requires nothing more than the cvs tools already bundled with FreeBSD.
CTM if you are looking for very low overhead, batch-mode access (basically, patches through email).
The web interface if you are looking to simply browse the repository in search of a specific change or file revision.
Finally, if you have got bandwidth to burn or you prefer / are forced to use FTP, you can simply mirror the CVS repository from ftp.FreeBSD.org.

Mirrors of the CVS Repository cgi script are available in Germany, Japan, Portugal, San Marino, Spain, USA/California and Ukraine.

User Groups

FreeBSD's widespread popularity has spawned a number of user groups around the world. If you know of a FreeBSD user group not listed here, let us know about it.

Australia

New South Wales. The BSD Users Group, Sydney (BUGS) meets in Sydney every two months and has mailing list members from all over NSW. To join the mailing list send a message to majordomo@bugs.au.FreeBSD.org with subscribe bugs in the body of the message.
Queensland. The Home Unix Users Group for Brisbane meets fortnightly at meeting rooms provided by the University of Queensland. More information, including how to join the mailing lists, is available at http://www.humbug.org.au
South Australia. BUGA, the BSD User Group of Adelaide, meets at irregular intervals. Join the mailing list by sending a message to majordomo@lemis.com with the text subscribe BUGA in the body.
Victoria. Victoria's FreeBSD Users Group (VicFUG) is based in Melbourne. You can join the mailing list by sending an empty message to general-subscribe@vicfug.au.FreeBSD.org
West Australia. Pandaemonium, the BSD Users Group for Western Australia.

Europe

Austria. The BSD User Group Austria (BUGAT) is german-language oriented user group. Visit our server for more information.
Berlin, Germany BSD Berlin is a new formed BSD user group in Berlin, Germany. There are no regular meetings yet, please contact Danny Koenig for more information.
Denmark BSD-DK. The Danish BSD user group. Promotion and support of BSD derived Operating Systems in Denmark. Mailing lists, lectures and workshops. Send mail subscription requests to bsd-dk-request@bsd-dk.dk.
Duisburg, Germany The Cosmo-Project is a user group with a difference. Instead of just meeting, they actively develop projects such as robots. Most users use FreeBSD, but it is not a specifically FreeBSD-related group.
France The French FreeBSD UG. Please follow the link for details.
Frankfurt, Germany FrankfurtBSD is a user group for the Rhein-Main area. We are currently looking for new members. As soon as we have grown larger, we would like to meet monthly and maintain minor projects.
Hamburg, Germany The BSDHH (BSD User Group Hamburg) meets on the first Wednesday of the month at 7.00pm in the Chinese restaurant Lotosbl�te, L�wenstra�e 22 in Hamburg-Eppendorf. Most members are FreeBSD users, although users of all BSD flavors are welcome.
Ireland The BUGI (BSD User Group Ireland) is currently a rather grandiose term for a mailing list and super-minimal web page. All BSD users and enthusiasts are welcome.
Italia The GUFI (Gruppo Utenti FreeBSD Italia) is an "italian powered" FreeBSD User Group. It is intended to help Italian FreeBSD users to find support and articles on/about FreeBSD in the Italian language. Please follow this link to know more about us.
Köln (Cologne), Germany The CBUG (Cologne BSD Usergroup) caters to BSD users in the Köln area. At the moment, there are no regular meetings. Please check the website for news.
Lublin, Poland The Lublin BSD Users Group. Please follow the link for details.
Lund, Sweden The Lund Linux User Group (LFUG) has nearly 50 members and covers FreeBSD and Solaris in addition to Linux. To join, contact Omar Dedovic
Manchester, UK The Manchester BSD Users Group meets reasonably often in the Lass O'Gowrie, on Charles Street, Manchester. Contact Sam Smith for more information.
Mannheim, Germany The UUGRN eV (Unix Users Group Rhein-Neckar eV) provides a regional forum for users of all Unix flavors, with a stress on Linux and BSD. Meetings are held on the second Thursday of each month at the "Hafenschenke" in Mannheim and the fourth Wednesday of each month at the "Vater Rhein" in Heidelberg.
M�nchen (Munich), Germany The BIM (Berkeley In Munich) group caters for users of BSD-based systems in Oberbayern.
The Netherlands. The Dutch FreeBSD User Group (NLFUG) has had its first meeting on oct 2, 1999. On this day 30 years before that, the second IMP was installed in Doug Englebart's lab at SRI. This, as you all know, was the start of something that grew to be the Internet (thanks to Edwin Kremer for bringing this under our attention).
Norway The Norwegian BSD User Group (NOBUG) is a usergroup for BSD users and enthusiasts in Norway. Meetings are currently held in Oslo and Bergen. Visit our website for more information. There is also a UNIX User Group (NUUG) with more regular meetings, sometimes even with a BSD subject.
Amadora, Portugal The Portuguese *BSD Users Group is a user group for Portuguese users of BSD operating systems. Contact Rui Pereira ptbsd@yahoo.com for more information.
Regensburg, Germany The Unix and Linux User Group is a general Unix users group for anyone in Regensburg (Bavaria, Germany). We meet on every first Monday of the month in the Pub ``Filmb�hne'' in Regensburg. Visit the web site or send a message to m.suess@2use.org.
Romania The ROFUG (Romanian FreeBSD Users Group/Free Unix Group) is a user group for the Romanian users of FreeBSD and open-source in general, promoting and supporting FreeBSD and open source usage. To join the mailing lists, send an email to listar@rofug.ro with subscribe rofug and/or subscribe rofug-announce in the body of the message.
Sweden The BSD Users Sweden (BUS) maintains a mailing list. To join, send mail to majordomo@stacken.kth.se with subscribe bus in the message.
Turkey The Turkish FreeBSD Users Group (T�rkiye FreeBSD Kullanicilari Grubu) was founded in September 1999. TFUG is intended to help Turkish FreeBSD users to find support and articles on and about FreeBSD in the Turkish language. Contact M. Guven Mucuk for more info.
Ukraine The Ukrainian FreeBSD User Group (UAFUG) is Russian/Ukrainian languages oriented user group for the Ukrainian users of BSD-derivatives, promoting and supporting BSD flavours and open source usage. The UAFUG has had its first meeting on 2 June 2002 and meets every 2-3 weeks. We also provide an open forum for all BSD-related things in the Russian and Ukrainian languages (though we can read/write in English as well). To join the mailing list send a message to majordomo@FreeBSDDiary.org.ua with subscribe freebsd in the body of the message. Check the link above for more information.
United Kingdom The FreeBSD UKUG (FreeBSD UK User's Group) exists for the benefit of FreeBSD users in the United Kingdom. Please follow the link for details.
Yugoslavia The Yugoslavia BSD Users Group provides an open forum for all things BSD-related in the Serbian language. To join the mailing list, send an email to majordomo@bsd.org.yu with subscribe bsdyu in the body of the message.

North America

Ames, Iowa The Ames Free-Unix Group aims to promote the use of Free Unix. We meet on the campus of Iowa State University once a month and hold a presentation with an open question and answer session afterwards. You can join our mailing list by sending a blank email to aafugit-subscribe@aafugit.org.
Berkeley, CA The Berkeley Unix User Group is a general Unix users group for anyone in the San Francisco Bay Area. We meet on a weekly basis in downtown Berkeley. Visit the web site or send a message to buug-request@weak.org with subscribe in the body.
Chicago IL The Chicago FreeBSD Users Group (ChiFUG).
The Connecticut Free Unix user's Group (CFUG) is devoted to free Unix, but has resources for almost all Unixen. Their area of operation is Connecticut and Western Massachusetts. More information can be found at http://www.cfug.org.
The Houston TX Houston FreeBSD Users Group was formed March 1999. Our goal is to promote and educate Houston area computer users on FreeBSD Unix. We meet on the third Saturday of the month. The group operates a mailing list at http://www.houfug.org/mailman/listinfo/hou-freebsd Visit our website at http://www.houfug.org for more information.
Indianapolis IN Free Unix for Indianapolis is a non-profit organization dedicated to encouraging the use of Free Unix variants in and around Indianapolis. Essentially, we are a bunch of geeks who share a common passion: Unix. Visit the web site or send a message to info@fufin.org for additional information.
Kansas KULUA (Kansas Unix & Linux Users Association) is a Free Unix user group based in Lawrence, Kansas, but with users throughout eastern Kansas and western Missouri. We have about 120 members and meet biweekly. Visit the web site or email kulua@kulua.org for more information.
Kansas Wichita Area FreeBSD Users Group (WAFUG) is a free users group provided to anyone in the Wichita area for support with FreeBSD and other Unix and Unix-like operating systems. We meet twice a month, usually in a restaraunt where you can smoke or drink if you like. Please send us Email for more information or to find out how to get free shell account, www or ftp space on our system.
Los Angeles CA The Yahoo Club group is a foundation for a Los Angeles based BSD user group.
Minneapolis/St. Paul, MN TCBUG: The Twin Cities BSD User Group meets once a month to discuss issues important to the BSD community. The website carries our major announcements, while you are encouraged to join the mailing list tcbug@tcbug.org to keep up with general group discussion. Look at the site, join the mailing list, come to a meeting. We look forward to learning from you and with you about BSD UNIX.
New Mexico The NMLUG in Albuquerque meets once a month and supports both BSD and Linux users. To join the mailing list, send a message to majordomo@swcp.com with subscribe nmlug in the body.
New Orleans LA The New Orleans *BSD User Group meets twice a month. Contact Konrad Rzeszutek for more details. A web page will be posted soon.
New York NY D'Artagnan's FreeBSD Users Group.
Northern Arizona Yavapai Free Unix Users Group is now forming for *BSD/Linux, etc., users in Northern Arizona. Please contact Russell Carter ( rcarter@consys.com) for details.
Orlando, FL BUGO (BSD Users Group of Orlando) is a group based in Orlando, FL that aims to bring a friendly forum to all Unix users in the central Florida area, and hopefully beyond. See the BUGO web page for further details.
Phoenix AZ The Phoenix BSD Users group is fully open for business. Anyone from the Phoenix area please feel free to join in http://bsd.phoenix.az.us.
Portland, OR The Portland (Oregon) FreeBSD Users group meets on the third Thursday of each month. Mail Rick Hamell.
The Reno NV RUUG (Reno Unix Users Group) meets monthly in Reno Nevada and discusses the use of FreeBSD and Linux. Contact Eric Blood or Todd Crenshaw for more information.
Research Triangle, NC The Triangle Area BSD Users Group is a users group for BSD users in the Research Triangle Park area of North Carolina, including the surrounding metropolitan areas of Raleigh, Durham, and Chapel Hill. People interested in this group may subscribe to the mailing list by sending a message to majordomo@tribug.org with subscribe tribug-members in the body.
Rhode Island The Rhode Island Free Unix Group supports every form of Unix that can be obtained freely. They can be contacted at: http://users.tmok.com/~rifug or by e-mail at: rifug@entropy.tmok.com
St. Louis, MO The St. Louis BSD User Group (STLBSD) has just formed on July 20, 2000 to promote BSD operating systems in the St. Louis area. We have strong ties to the 10 year old St. Louis Unix Users Group (SLUUG) and expect to be a positive force within our community. Our membership is open to anyone interested in learning more about BSD, several mailing lists are available through our website.
San Diego, California San Diego BSD Users Group for users of FreeBSD, OpenBSD and NetBSD. The meeting is first Thursday of every month at Borders Bookstore in Mission Valley Shopping Center. More information can be found here
North San Francisco Bay Area The BABUG (Bay Area BSD Users Group) has monthly meetings, alternating between San Francisco and Berkeley. Those interested in attending should visit the web site or send mail to the BABUG Web Master
Silicon Valley, CA The SVBUG (Silicon Valley BSD User Group), a forum for BSD and BSD embedded systems, meets on the First Thursday of the month. Meetings are held at the Carl's Jr. on First Street and Trimble Road in San Jose, California. For details on event or what is going on visit the website or send a message to webmaster@svbug.com.
East Texas The Unix Users of Deep East Texas is dedicated to all things Unix. This group is open to users of all flavors of Unix. We meet on the last Saturday of the month at the Angelina County Court House. See the web page for details, or send email to admin@uudet.org.
The Tampa Florida users group is now being formed. Interested parties can join the mailing list by sending mail to bsd-tug-request@bangheadhere.org with subscribe in the body.
Greater Toronto Area, Ontario: The GTABUG usergroup welcomes all BSD users. Monthly meetings give attendees a chance to share ideas, discussion, and information. Installathons and other events help preach the good news of BSD to the community. Come drop by for a meeting!
Tucson AZ TFUG: Tucson Free Unix Group, Arizona.
Utah SLLUG-BUG is a BSD Unix User Group affiliated with the Salt Lake Linux User Group (SLLUG). We meet in concert with SLLUG, since the BSD and Linux communities have so much in common. We meet on the third Wednesday of each month, check the web page for details.
Vancouver, BC The VanBUG (Vancouver BSD Users Group) is a group of volunteers who are passionate about FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD. Their current goal is to raise awareness and also provide local assistance as much as we can.
Washington DC (DC Metropolitan Area) FreeBSD User Group. Please contact Richard Cramer, Sytex Access Ltd. at 703-425-2515, or preferred, email at rcramer@sytex.net to be put on a member distribution list.
Wichita, Kansas: A new FreeBSD users group has been created in Wichita, Ks. We are fairly new and working on our site, but we wanted to get it up as soon as we had it available. We do not currently meet. Visit our site http://wafug.dynip.com or E-mail the group organizer (ben177@yahoo.com) for more information!
Windsor, Ontario The Windsor Unix Users Group (Windsor, Ontario, Canada) covers BSD, Solaris, SCO, and others. This is not specifically a FreeBSD user group, but we do already have members running FreeBSD. The group operates a mailing list (wuug-list@unixpower.org). More information can be found at http://www.wuug.org/.
Wisconsin FreeBSD-Milwaukee Wisconsin meets occasionally and has a mailing list: freebsd-mke-l@ns.sol.net. send mail to freebsd-mke-l-request@ns.sol.net to subscribe.

Rest of the world

Colombia Visit http://www.bsdcolombia.org for the FreeBSD User Group Colombia.
Ibaraki, Japan The Daibou East *BSD Users Group (DEBUG) is now forming for *BSD users in Tsukuba area.
Indonesia The Jogja FreeBSD Users' Group is based in Yogyakarta City, Indonesia. Send email to 22961476@students.ukdw.ac.id for more information.
Israel The Israeli BSD Users Group is an effort to promote the use of *BSD throughout the country, and to act as a center of information for all BSD users. It is currently run by FreeBSD users, but all users of BSD variants are welcome aboard. We have a mailing list, hosted at bsd-il@osem.co.il. To subscribe, simply send mail to majordomo@osem.co.il, with the line "subscribe bsd-il" as the message body.
Kansai, Japan The Kansai *BSD User's Group, K*BUG (sorry for Japanese only), was established on November 13, 1999. It is expected to promote communication of any of the BSD variants' users. Some of its activities are to hold friendly parties of the members, and to hold seminars covering wide variety of topics. Please mail here ( kbug-admin@kbug.gr.jp ).
Malaysia The MyBSD Malaysia Project is a Kuala Lumpur based usergroup for BSD users and open-source in general, promoting and supporting FreeBSD, OpenBSD, NetBSD and open source usage. We meet once a month, usually at Universiti Malaya or Restaurant Bahadur Shah. One of our projects is to develop a Unix file manager. Visit our website or contact info@MyBSD.org.my for more information.
Malaysia/ The BSD Malaysia web pages aim to be a central site for users of *BSD UNIX variants (including FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD). BSD support forums, technical BSD-related articles, and recent news items are published online. Both English and Malaysian can be used as the language on this site.
Mexico FreeBSD Mexico is a spanish oriented user group not only for people in Mexico but also in other spanish speaking countries. Please contact Alejandro Acosta for more information.
New Zealand The New Zealand FreeBSD User's group is located in Wellington. No meetings have been scheduled yet.
Niigata, Japan The Echigo BSD Users Group (EBUG) is the users group for BSD users around Echigo (aka Niigata). For more information on our events and mailing lists, please check the EBUG web site.
Brazil The FUG-BR (Brazilian FreeBSD User Group) is a Portuguese language oriented user group intended to help Brazilian FreeBSD users to find support and articles on and about FreeBSD in the Portuguese language. We keeps some projects such as the "FreeBSD LiveCD". Currently the group has 600 members and our maillist has an average traffic of 80 messages per day. To join FUG-BR mailing list, visit http://www2.fugspbr.org/mailman/listinfo/fugspbr.

FreeBSD Development Projects

In addition to the mainstream development path of FreeBSD, a number of developer groups are working on the cutting edge to expand FreeBSD's range of applications in new directions.

FreeBSD Security Guide

Security resources available to FreeBSD users: PGP Key for Security Officers, advisories, patches and mailing lists.

Commercial Consulting Services

Whether you are just starting out with FreeBSD, or need to complete a large project, a consultant or two might be your answer.

General Unix Information

General &unix; Information

The Unix Reference Desk by Jennifer Myers
Unix Guru Universe
O'Reilly & Associates, Inc.
Unix Power

The X Window System

The XFree86 Project provides users of a variety of Intel based Unix systems, including FreeBSD, with an excellent X Window system.
The WINE project is working to - provide the ability to run MS-Windows software on Intel based Unix + provide the ability to run Microsoft Windows® software on Intel based Unix systems such as FreeBSD, NetBSD and Linux.

Hardware

The comp.answers pc-hardware-faq is a great reference for people building their own machines.
Laptop users looking for PC Card (aka PCMCIA) support under FreeBSD 2.2.X and 3.X should see the PAO distribution page for laptop support (FreeBSD 4.X and higher are provided with laptop support).
Intel Secrets -- What Intel Doesn't Want You To Know - lots of information about Intel chips.
Aad Offerman's Chip List - reference material on chips used in PC clones.
ASUS makes motherboards that work well with FreeBSD.

Related Operating System Projects

NetBSD is another free 4.4BSD-Lite based operating system which runs on several different architectures.
OpenBSD is another 4.4BSD derivative.
Linux is another free Unix-like system.
Lites is a 4.4 BSD Lite based server and emulation library that provides free Unix functionality to a Mach based system.
The GNU HURD project is another effort to develop a free Unix-like operating system.

&footer; diff --git a/en/y2kbug.sgml b/en/y2kbug.sgml index 54c34c3a05..022530135d 100644 --- a/en/y2kbug.sgml +++ b/en/y2kbug.sgml @@ -1,253 +1,253 @@ + %includes; ]> &header;

As management understanding of the Year 2000 problem (aka, "The Millennium Bug") increases, more and more companies are demanding official statements from the vendors of their hardware and software as to how their product will handle the year 2000 date rollover.

Organizations that use Unix and Unix-like operating systems such as +

Organizations that use &unix; and Unix-like operating systems such as FreeBSD are already one step ahead of the problem. FreeBSD will properly maintain time long after year 2000 passes.

Background information

(This section based on the text from the Linux Y2K compliance page)

As with all Unix and Unix-like operating systems, time and dates in FreeBSD are represented internally as the number of seconds since the 1st of January 1970 (the Unix "epoch"). Currently, that figure is stored as a 32 bit integer, and will run out part way through 2038. By then we should (hopefully) be using a counter of 64 bits (or greater) which should be good until the end of the universe.

Note that the OS being Y2K compliant will not fix errant applications that are not Y2K compliant.

Note also that the OS expects to read the current date and time from the CMOS clock of your computer. Not all of these devices correctly handle the year 2000. You are advised to test each platform individually to ensure that your hardware clock behaves correctly when going from 1999 to 2000, and that it correctly interprets the year 2000 as a leap year.

What you can do

FreeBSD will continue to properly maintain time well into the next century. Third party applications, however, might not. Your best defense against year 2000 issues is a good offense. Listening to stories claiming the coming meltdown of the world as we know it are not the way to solve the millennium bug. Nor is waiting until the last minute. The FreeBSD Project recommends that your organization apply sound system administration principles as the millennium approaches.

FreeBSD Year 2000 Statement

"After extensive analysis and testing, we believe that FreeBSD is 100% Y2K compliant. In the unlikely event that something has been overlooked, we will do our best to fix it as soon as possible."

David Greenman
Principal Architect, The FreeBSD project

Fixed problems

The following Y2K problems have been identified and fixed in FreeBSD.

misc/1380: Several programs have a hardcoded 19%d in responses for the year. Affected programs include: yacc, ftpd, and make. [Fixed: yacc v1.2 1999/01/18; ftpd v1.7 1996/08/05; make v1.4 1996/10/06; fixes in FreeBSD-2.2 and above]
conf/1382: The sed script in /etc/rc.local that builds the host/kernel ID line for the message of the day relies on the year not going past 1999. [Fixed v1.21 1996/10/24; fixes in FreeBSD-2.2 and above]
misc/3465: The etc/namedb/make-localhost command generates the DNS serial number as YYMMDD. In the year 2000, this will be generated as 1YYMMDD. [Fixed v1.2 1997/08/11; fixes in FreeBSD-2.2.5 and above]
gnu/4930 and gnu/8321: groff tmac macros have hardcoded 19 for generating some dates. [Fixed: tmac.e v1.3 1998/12/06; doc-common v1.10 1999/01/19; fixes in FreeBSD-3.1 and above]
bin/9323: In its obsolescent form, touch doesn't treat the two digit year specification correctly. Years in the range 00-68 are treated as 1900-1968 instead of 2000-2068. [Fixed v1.7 1999/01/05; fixes in FreeBSD-3.1 and above]
xntpd/parse/util/dcfd.c: The leap year calculations for the number of days in a year, and the conversion of DCF77 time to seconds since the Epoch were wrong. These errors affected all years. [Fixed v1.6 1999/01/12; fixes in FreeBSD-3.1 and above]
tar/getdate.y: Function Convert() was hard-coded for two digit years in range 70-99. Now adjusted to allow two digit years for 1970-2069. The function does not allow for century non-leap years - y2k1 alert! [Fixed v1.4 1999/01/12; fixes in FreeBSD-3.1 and above]
fetch/http.c: The HTTP protocol includes an obsolete date format which uses a two-digit year. Previous versions of fetch would interpret all such dates in the 1900s; subsequent to this revision, the pivot described in RFC 2068 is employed, which causes two-digit years to be interpreted as always belonging to the current century unless they would be 50 or more years in the future. Since the HTTP servers which use this obsolete format are no longer widespread, this is not expected to have a significant impact. [Fixed v1.24 1999/01/15; fixes in FreeBSD-3.1 and above]
misc/9500: The `edithook' script in the CVSROOT directory uses a raw tm_year and will therefore display 01/01/100 for 2000-JAN-01. [Fixed v1.2 1999/01/17; not relevant to FreeBSD releases]
bin/9501: Several cvs contrib files are not Y2K compliant. The log.pl and sccs2rcs.csh scripts prepend `19' to the year resulting in a display of 19100 for 2000. The log_accum.pl script uses a two digit year in one place and in another place assumes that the tm_year is year within century rather than years since 1900. [Fixed: log.pl v1.2 1999/01/15; sccs2rcs.csh v1.3 1999/01/15; fixes in FreeBSD-3.1 and above]
bin/9502: The groff number register `yr' is assigned from a (struct tm).tm_year and therefore represents the number of years since 1900, not the year within the century (see definition in troff/input.cc). [Fixed, now set mod 100, troff/input.cc V1.2 1999/06/03; fixed in FreeBSD-3.3]
bin/9503: PicoBSD's simple_httpd uses a raw tm_year and will therefore display 01/01/100 for 2000-JAN-01. [Fixed v1.2 1999/01/16; fixes in FreeBSD-3.1 and above]
bin/9505: Adduser uses a raw tm_year and will therefore display 100/01/01 for 2000-JAN-01. [Fixed v1.42 1999/01/15; fixes in FreeBSD-3.1 and above]
bin/9506: Cron uses a raw tm_year and will therefore display 100 for 2000. [Fixed v1.7 1999/01/16; fixes in FreeBSD-3.1 and above]
bin/9507: tcpslice(8) uses a raw tm_year and will therefore display 100y01m01d... for 2000-JAN-01. For compatibility, use a two-digit year until 2000.[Fixed v1.8 1999/01/20; fixes in FreeBSD-3.1 and above]
bin/14472: Date command does not take thousand/hundred digits. [Fixed v1.31 1999/11/10]
misc/14511: Chpass has a problem using 00 for expiration year.
bin/15852 and gnu/16045 and bin/16207: Groff predefined \*(DT [\*(td] string has Y2K bug. [Fixed with import of version 1.15 2000/01/12]
bin/15872: at(1) has a problem with valid time specifications if tm_year is 100, reports `garbled time'.
misc/16238: KerberosIV install does not work properly because there is a hard-wired expiration date of 12/31/99 in the Kerberos source for the ticket granter. [Fixed v1.24 1999/09/19]

More information

If you have further questions about FreeBSD's year 2000 compliance, or you have discovered an application running under FreeBSD that is not Y2K compliant, please contact the project at freebsd-bugs@FreeBSD.ORG.

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