devel/ccache4: Update 4.9 → 4.10.2

Based on patches from Oleg Sidorkin and Älven.

Improve port:

• update required compiler version from 11 to 17;
• update CONFLICTS_INSTALL;
• update GNU_COMPILERS and CLANG_COMPILERS;
• update dependencies;
• improve STATIC and TEST options;
• fix warnings from portclippy - sort options and etc.

Changelogs:
https://ccache.dev/releasenotes.html#_ccache_4_10_2

PR: 276854 283910
Approved by: bdrewery (maintainer, timeout 1 year)
Tested by: Oleg Sidorkin (osidorkin@gmail.com), Älven (alster@vinterdalen.se)