emulators/mame: Update to 0.288

• Drop obsolete Qt debugger patch
• Refresh patches
• Fix DEBUG option does not respect existing MAKE_ENV flags
• Fix LOCALBASE substitution in pkg-message

Changes: https://www.mamedev.org/releases/whatsnew_0288.txt

PR: 295760
Reviewed by: thierry (mentor)
Approved by: thierry (mentor)